Introduction of Festival Walk free essay sample

1. 0 A convenient site: Festival Walk is located at 80 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, directly connected to the MTR interchange in Hong Kong (take Exit â€Å"C† at Kowloon Tong MTR station). In additional, the bus station provide terminal service from different district achieve to Festival Walk. Moreover drivers can direct parking at festival walk which provides over 800 spaces, open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The car park offer 3 levels and set up the complete security facility for 24-hours monitoring. Located in the centre of Kowloon, Festival Walk offers direct entrance to public and private transport. Located near by the traditional upper class residential area, Festival walk offers an extraordinary upper class level of accessibility. Opposite Festival Walk is the City university and Industrial Technology Centre are next door. Took a walk few minutes, the Baptist University can be achieved. 1. 1 A breathtaking design: As a Hong Kong’s largest ice rink, over 220,000 square feet of office space, Festival Walk introduce the realization of a unique concept and provide an energized environment of innovation, originality and pleasure. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction of Festival Walk or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Festival Walk brings together some of the world’s most sought-after brand and services. Another great point is that a lot of these brands and services are completely new to Hong Kong, and many others have opened flagship stores here. Dining is also a big draw, with big names in both Oriental and Western fusion. 1. 2 A great food: To seek for quality, recreation, best-value, impulsive, social stage, or it’s a sandwich on the run, an important business lunch, dinner with friends or a romantic meal for two, Festival Walk has just the place for you. Over 27 restaurants actually offer international fusion ensure that every taste and budget catered to – from the old-fashioned and authentic Italian-American cuisine at Amaroni’s Little Italy, to a cappuccino at Starbucks or dim sum at Jasmine. Whatever your mood, Festival Walk is a variety and fashionable venue with a world of exciting culinary affective. Target customers of Simplylife Bakery Cafe 2. 1 Segmentation Refer to the location of Simplylife Bakery Cafe – Festival Walk, where is a big shopping mall provided eating, shopping and playing places. Nearby, there are many offices, the City University, Secondary schools. Moreover, it provided a rage of exciting offers exclusively for the students and staff in university with due date of 31 August 2008, which stated that once the students and staff wearing union or presented the ID card, or the International students, teachers professors presented ID card or U card at the period of time may enjoy a great offering of purchase within some of the stores in Festival Walk. Its convenient transportation which has the MTR station, bus stations and provided parking area can attracted many different kinds of potential customers, like, staff work at Festival Walk, office people, students and teachers from University and secondary schools, people who love shopping and branding supporters. As the Festival Walk has many International brands, it promoted some exclusive offers from over 100 international brands to the foreign visitors simply required them to present their passport at the Customer Service Desk on LG2 or UG to redeem a Festival Walk Tourist Passport. This policy may helpful in attracting more foreigner and Individual visitors to come and shopping. Also, these groups of people are willing to pay more money onto the branding products and they are mostly having enough financial abilities. 2. 2 Targeting Within the segmented customers of Festival Walk, there are some of them may suit with the style of Simplylife Bakery Cafe. The potential target segment would be the office people, especially for women and the foreign tourists. It is because Simplylife Bakery Cafe’s main theme is healthy food, especially low level of oil, fat, sweet and calories breads, even the breads are turned cold and it still tastes good. Furthermore, breads are the product which can satiate hungry, fast and convenient. These may be a great benefit for those emphasize healthy life’s people and who are not able to have enough time to eat breakfast or lunch. On the other hand, the food at Simplylife Bakery Cafe costs in a high price ith comparing the average price of other stores, therefore, the potential customers may needed to have at least a middle level and steady income. Office people may be suitable for these requirements. The reason for tourists may be the potential target groups would because most foreign tourists may have a standardized eating habit which close to the cafe’s product contained with a high relationship with European food. And they are more willing to pay money to what they want than local peop le. Another likely market would be the shoppers in Festival Walk. Most of the shoppers are having basic financial abilities, have extra time in shop around the shopping mall. After a period of time spend on shopping and consumption may want to have a place to sit down to relax for a moment and eat or drink something. Cafe may be a good choice for them. 2. 3 Positioning The Simplylife Bakery Cafe would position itself to the customers who seek for healthy and relaxing life. Those people may have a great demand in selecting food, drinks and their own quality of life. They are enjoying the European style, no matter the environment and the eating habit. Thus, the machine used in Simplylife Bakery Cafe required all its decoration, machinery of bakery and the food they produced must meet the stylish of European style. Such as the stove are produced from European. The environmental design used sunny umbrellas and open-air restaurant style can fulfill the needs of those customers who enjoy sunshine and sight-seeing but afraid of basking in the sun or rainy days will get dirty when eating or having tea time at the street. Also, the air-conditioning environment can make customers more comfortable. Theories applied For a marketing stimulus to have an impact, consumers must be exposed to it, allocate some attention to it, and perceive it. Consumers do some processing of a stimulus once they have been exposed to it, pay attention to it, and perceive its characteristics. Once it is perceived, consumers may examine it more closely. Thus, exposure, attention, and perception all affect the decisions consumers make and the actions they take. 3. 1 Exposure Before any type of marketing stimulus can affect consumers, they must be exposed to it. Exposure reflects the process by which the consumer comes in to physical contact with a stimulus. Marketing stimulus are messages and information about products or brands communicated by either the marketer (via ads, salespeople, brands symbols, packages, signs, prices, and so on) or by non-marketing sources (e. g. , the media, word of mouth). Consumers can be exposed to marketing stimuli at the buying, using, or disposing stages of consumption. Because exposure is critical to consumers’ subsequent processing of any stimulus, marketers must ensure that consumers are exposed to stimuli that portray their offering in a favourable light. 1] Therefore, marketers start the process of gaining exposure by selecting media, such as radio, product placements, and the Internet, and by developing promotions for the targeted customers. [2] Although Simplylife has opened for about six to seven months, there are many people left down messages or comments onto the online blog and some newspaper had introduced this cafe to the readers, such as the Sing Tao Newspaper and Ming Pao Newspaper had introduced it to the readers, some websites had even rated it into the top 20 restaurants by an online voting system. These had attracted many different people went there and tried the food and drinks at Simplylife Bakery Cafe. 3. 2 Attention Attention occurs when the consumer allocates processing capacity to the stimulus. A certain amount of attention is necessary for information to be perceived-for it to activate our senses. [3] Attention is selective, divided, and limited. Even tactics such as product placement do not guarantee that consumers will directly attend to marketing stimuli, although consumers may attend to them pre-attentively. Making a marketing stimulus personally relevant, pleasant, surprising, or easy to process enhances its attention-getting properties. Consumers perceive a stimulus using one of their sensory organs. [4] 3. 3 Sensation In psychology, sensation is the first stage in the biochemical and neurologic events that begins with the impinging of a stimulus upon the receptor cells of a sensory organ, which then leads to perception, the mental state that is reflected in statements like I see a uniformly blue wall. [5] Sensory system A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. The human bodys senses[6] are divided into eight: visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, cutaneous, kinesthetic, vestibular, organic. [7][8] The ways in which these senses are divided from one another in concept, and combined in varying ratios in perceiving the world, differs based on individual physiology, social and cultural context, and physical surroundings. The whole sensory system, including both physical sensation and interpretation (or cognition) of information from the senses, is referred to as a sensorium[9]. [10] Inputs picked up by our senses are the raw data that begin the perceptual process. [11][12] 3. 4 Perception In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information. [13] Passive perception and active perception There are two basic theories of perception: Passive Perception (PP) and Active Perception (PA). 14] The passive perception (conceived by Rene Descartes) is addressed in this article and could be surmised as the following sequence of events: Surrounding ; Input (senses) ; Processing (brain) ; Output (re-action) Although still supported by mainstream philosophers, psychologists and neurologists, this theory is nowadays losing momentum. [15] The theory of active perception has emerged from extensive research of sensory illusions w ith works of Professor Emeritus Richard L Gregory in a lead. This theory is increasingly gaining experimental support and could be surmised as dynamic relationship between:[16] â€Å"Description† (in the brain) ; ; Senses ; ; Surrounding Perceptual thresholds Perceptual thresholds determine the point at which stimuli are perceived. The absolute threshold is the lowest point at which an individual can experience a sensation. The differential threshold is the minimal difference in stimulus intensity needed to defect that two stimulus are different. The differential threshold is important both when marketers do not want consumers to notices a difference between two stimuli (as in a size decrease) and when they do (as in the case of product improvements). [17] Perception and action Human beings gather information about the world and interact with it through our actions. Perceptual information is critical for action. Perceptual deficits may lead to profound deficits in action. [18] Introduction of Simplylife Bakery Cafe 4. 1 A new European style at L2-42: For taking a break at rush hour or renewal under the pressure, the aroma of freshly baked goods filling the air, you shell is able to energize as soon as possible. Simplylife Bakery Cafe is a new European style restaurant providing bread as the principal theme at Festival Walk, L2-42 which established at July of 2007. Its former is full of Continental Europe bread fragrantly, wrap up the full land wind simplylife bakery cafe of Europe, where has a sophisticated atmosphere is decorated to restaurant by the chi European-style. It is divided into for meal in the room area or in the open area. The open-air position is the outdoor location of the indoor shop under glass variola and the sunshine shines on the desk through the glass. The air conditioning is put in place at the same time thus it will not be felt too hot. Yet, the relaxing environment coupled with comfortable furniture evokes a romantic dining experience. Moreover, the semi-opened kitchen is able to stimuli your vision, smell, taste sensory; and the gentle trendy music let you perceive as if settle at Europe with the infinite pleasures. . 2 A great dining: The food is looked like cases of fine art and jewelry and the flavors are comparably precious. Simplylife Bakery Cafe offers a range of European-style delectable bread, cakes chocolates and patisseries made by their renowned pastry chef. All the breads baked by Simplylife Bakery Cafe are made with the minimum use of oil and sugar. Also, the bread that Simplylife Cafe sold can remain great tas te even the breads turned to cool and the mouthfeeling may get more better which is the different point of Simplylife’s bread with the others. Moreover, the stove of simplylife and fermented machine are import from the European. the constant temperature function and time control, can be close to the European taste, offer the genuine flavor of Continental Europe. Customers can take a seat and choose a drink to accompany these fine sweet experiences, or of course customer may prefer something savory, a sandwich or homemade pastry. SimplyLife Bakery Cafe also offers a wide selection of meatless rice, pasta dishes, wild rice, hamburger and organic spaghetti of dishes, which are cooked with olive oil, also include ten valley rice, organic noodles,etc. n the cuisine and take health as the purpose. Furthermore, they offer a wide variety of wines that will complement customers’ meal. Likewise, choose to occidentalize in cuisin add with the indoor light is weak, mix the light music, inside and outside of shop, such ooze over Continental Europe flavor. 4. 3 Decoration: The cafe has adopted the continental designing concept for the decoration, such as the brazier and fermentation machine are brought from Europe to ensure the breads made and tastes are entirely filled with the European-styles. Also, brown, black and white color tone is used for the main coloring for the cafe which can promote the thinking of clean, simple, fashionable and classical to customers. And the wooden floor design can give customers the warm and friendly feeling. Moreover, the environment of the cafe is divided into two sections and it has divided into two parts. First part is indoor section where mainly have the semi-opened kitchen, refrigerator, cash counter, toilet and some small tables and chairs. The semi-opened kitchen is showing how the chefs make the bread in European type, also the cafe may produce about ten numbers of breads for each kind which may give the feeling of friendly, kindly, hygiene, confidence, excitement, etc. to the customers and let them know the breads they brought were fresh and healthy. It also can give them a good appetite when they smell the scent of bread and stimulate their emotion to eat after smelling them or impetus them to have further consumptions even they do not hungry at that moment. The materials and equipment were clearly showed at the open-kitchen, all the breads are tidily placed on the baskets and covered with the transparent bread cabinet, and these are the main factors to let customers to have confidence in purchasing and promoting hygiene concepts. At the top right corner of the kitchen has a well-equipped visual aids that showed all the information of each kind of foods the cafe sold and the pricing can convent the customers and let reduced the time for them in search such information and feeling of high-technological. On the other hand, the refrigerator inside the store placed some drinks and packed sandwiches can let customers to take and consume by themselves which can increase the involvement with customers towards the consumption. Therefore, consumers can choose the products by themselves with freely selection, like they can take the product on hand to feel the product and smell it, see it clearly. Moreover, the store played some soft and English song, combined with the yellow and dark lighting can give customers a relaxing and comfortable eeling. Except these, the cafe has its own toilets for the customers, inside is well-cleaned and mirrors, soaps, rubbish bins, tissues and other basic materials are provided. The second part on Simplylife Bakery Cafe is the outdoor section is designed as an European-stylish open-air teahouse, all the tables had installed the big sunny umbrellas. The sunshine can be projected onto the desk and seats through the glasses. Included with the moderate air-conditioning, customers can be satisfied with their needs of eating and drinking at the open-air places and feel relaxing after shopping or walking around the shopping mall. Also, such kind of design can let the customers to enjoy the outside scenery like the sunshine, rainy days, afternoon sunshine or stars shine at night, which can increase the sight seeing to the customers in except of the tasting, smelling, hearing satisfactions. Strengthen, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat of Simplylife Bakery Cafe Strengthen Simplylife Bakery Cafe used the stoves and fermented machines are made in European. This made their breads more similar to European-style, which can constant the temperature function and to be more exactly in time controlling from producing breads. The characterics of European-style’s bread need not to eat the bread when it is hot, it also can be tasted good even it is cold. This would be one of the differentiation of its products and convience to those people who are working in the central city – Hong Kong. Simplylife Bakery Cafe dividend into two parts which is the indoor cafe and outdoor restaurant. The indoor cafe include the semi-opened kitchen to show the process of baking the breads and the clear environment may help in promoting hygiene and let customers to feel more confidence in purchasing; the outdoor restaurant with the incorporating glasses and the big sunny umbrellas attract people who are willing to enjoy the sunshine and the air-conditioning at the same time. Weakness Even Simplylife Bakery Cafe has such advantages to attract customers, it is not perfect enough. The cafe does not provide any set meals for lunch or dinner. There is a clearly additional cost for ordering dishes separately. It seem that the prices of the cafe are highest when compare to others. It may not easily to attract the student group and new customers. And the desks in the cafe are only suitable for two to three people use and too small when the customer is ordering much more dishes. Therefore, customers who like to have a gathering with many friends may be difficult as the table is too small and they are forced to divide sitting in different desks. Opportunity It seems that Simplylife Bakery Cafe does not have any set meal of lunch and dinner; it can offer some set lunch and set dinner each week per day; it also can offer some promotions to attract the student to expand the target market. As nearby may have the University and Secondary schools, students are willing to spend time after school and sitting in the cafe to gathering with friends or discussing project at these kind of place. Threat In Festival Walk, there are nine cafes (included Simplylife Bakery Cafe) to let customer to choose which are Agnes b. e pain grille be Cafe, Bistro Delifrance, McCafe, Olivers Super Sandwiches, Pacific Coffee Company, Page One Cafe, Queens Konditorei, Simplylife Bakery Cafe and Starbucks Coffee. The style of Simplylife Bakery Cafe is similar with Agnes b. le pain grille be Cafe, it may not easier to stick out the differences of Simplylife Bakery Cafe. The prices is another important factors for customers to choose one of nine cafe; the pri ce is not popularity to the public when compare with other cafe in Festival Walk and difficult to develop customer loyalty. Executive Summary Festival Walk is a world’s best known shopping mall which have had over 200 shops and 27 restaurants, the largest ice rink of Hong Kong, over twenty-two million square feet of office space, etc. It located at the central point of Kowloon Tong, direct access to the buses, taxis, and the MTR station, nearby the universities; those factors can be attracted the travelers from all over the worlds, students, white-collar, etc. Simplylife Bakery Cafe have had a similar target segment with Festival Walk, within the above segment, the mainly segment which Simplylife Bakery Cafe focus is the health conscious and enjoying European life styles’ customers. The purpose of Simplylife Bakery Cafe is to promote healthiness, simple, clean and comfortable thinking to customers after they came and purchased from the cafe. The bread is one of the selling points of Simplylife Bakery Cafe. To make it more similar to the European-style, the stoves and fermented machines are import from European so that it can easy to constant the temperature function and time control. Also, all the breads are made with the minimum use of oil and sugar; wild rice and organic spaghetti are used in the dishes. And from the content of the report, there will discuss how the environment and decoration be a critical factor in attracting customers to come and purchase, or even have further purchase. The Simplylife Bakery Cafe’s products are mainly on European-style food and based on this reason, the style of decorating the store also adopted such kind of styling, from the machinery to the environment design. The outdoor part of the cafe with the incorporating glasses and big sun umbrella just like the tea-stall in the open air let people feel that they are eating and relaxing under the sunshine in Europe. The semi-open kitchen in the indoor cafe allows people to see the whole process of producing breads. This can increase the interest from customers to take a look and then after they saw it, smell it, they may be pushed by these stimuli and then purchase. Even Simplylife Bakery Cafe has had so many advantages to attract the customers, especially by its environment factors, like there is a comfort place for customers to relax, eat and gathering with friends, also, the music and decoration let customers can have the feeling of located in Europe, help in reducing pressure and the semi-open kitchen can raise their interests and stimuli their sensory systems (e. g. Eat) in purchasing. However, we found that it could be difficult to build up a customer loyalty and attract the new customer. It is because the price of Simplylife Bakery Cafe is higher and the prices of breads are higher than the local bakeries. Simplylife Bakery Cafe does not offer any set meals for lunch and dinner to let customer chosen. [1] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [2] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [3] James, W. , The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Holt, Vol. 1, pp. 403-404 [4] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [5] http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Sensation [6] Senses are the physiological methods of perception. A sense is a faculty by which outside stimuli are perceived. [7] Kolb Whishaw: Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, 2003 [8] http://www. eioba. com/a70192/senses [9] The term sensorium (plural: sensoria) refers to the sum of an organisms perception, the seat of sensation where it experiences a nd interprets the environments within which it lives. [10] Kolb Whishaw: Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, 2003 [11] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [12] James. J. Gibson, The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems. Boston, 1966 [13] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [14] http://www. simplypsychology. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/perception-theories. html [15] http://www. simplypsychology. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/perception-theories. html [16] http://www. simplypsychology. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/perception-theories. html [17] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [18] http://www. roblesdelatorre. com/gabriel/GR-IEEE-MM-2006. pdf

Keynesian Economics essays

Keynesian Economics essays John Maynard Keynes is uncertainly one the most important figures in the history of modern economics. The son of the Cambridge economist and logician John Neville Keynes, John Maynard Keynes was born in Cambridge, England on June 5, 1883. Keynes was educated in Britains most elite institutions, Eton and then King's College Cambridge. In 1906, he entered the British civil service for a little while and worked in the Indian Treasury as a junior clerk. However, unsatisfied with the work he returned in 1908 to teach economics in Cambridge. In India he learned the demands of government service. In 1911 he became the editor of the Economic Journal, a position he would hold almost until the end of his life. During this time Keynes wrote his first economic book first book on Indian currency which was directly related to his experience at the India office. From 1914 to 1918, Keynes was called to the UK Treasury to aid with the financing of the British war economy. He excelled at his job and the authority he gained earned him a position with the British delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference in 1918. Keynes was dismayed at the unfair nature of the peace settlement, and was particularly opposed to the overwhelming consequences of the heavy "reparations" payments forced on Germany. In 1919 he resigned from the conference and in respond to the treaty he published his Economic Consequences of the Peace disapproving the Treaty of Versailles After returning to Cambridge in 1921, Keynes published his Treatise on Probability, where he took apart the classical theory of probability and started what now known as the "logical-relationist" theory of probability. Throughout the 1920s, Keynes remained active in public policy debates, guided mainly through his many articles in the Nation and Atheneum. He also wrote two famous pieces in condemnation of laissez-faire economic policy. In 1925 he married the R ...

Critique of a Public Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Second Paper Assignment in English II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Quantum Phase Transition Between U(5) and O(6) Limits

Quantum Phase Transition Between U(5) and O(6) Limits Critical Exponents of Quantum Phase Transition Between U(5) and O(6) Limits of Interacting Boson Model Abstract In this paper, Landau theory for phase transitions is shown to be a useful approach for quantal system such as atomic nucleus. A detailed analysis of critical exponents of ground state quantum phase transition between U(5) and O(6) limits of interacting boson model is presented. Keywords: Landau theory, quantum phase transition, critical exponents, dynamical symmetry limits. PACS: 24.10.Pa; 21.60.Fw; Introduction Studying the behavior of nuclear matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density, including possible phase transitions, is one of the most interesting subjects in recent years. Drastic changes in the properties of physical systems are called phase transitions which these properties have been characterized by order parameters. 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The similar behaviors may be seen not as a function of temperature but as a function of some other quantities of system, e.g.. These exponents,, are called critical exponents and naturally defined as [4]. Some basic critical exponents in thermodynamics have been employed to describe the evolution of considered systems near the critical points [5-6]. Quantum Phase Transition in the Interacting Boson Model (IBM) In nuclear physics, quantum phase transitions, sometimes called zero temperature or ground-state phase transitions can be studied most easily with using algebraic techniques that associate with a specific mathematical symmetry with different nuclear shapes. Interacting Boson Model (IBM) as the most popular algebraic model in description of nuclear structures was proposed in 1975 by Iachello and Arima to describe the collective excitations of atomic nuclei [7-10]. In this model, nucleons in an even-even isotope are divided into an inert core and an even number of valence particles. These particles are then considered as coupled into two kinds of bosons that may carry either a total angular momentum 0 or 2, and are respectively called the s and d-bosons. The bilinear operator that may be formed with s and d-boson creation and annihilation operators close into the U(6) algebra whose three possible subgroup chain match with the U(5), SU(3) and SO(6) solution of the Bohr Hamiltonian, i.e. respectively with spherical, axially deformed and ÃŽ ³-unstable shapes. It is of great interest to be able to describe the evolution of considered systems near the critical points. Lets consider a general form of IBM Hamiltonian as [7] where is the d boson number operator and, i.e.explores the quadrupole interaction. Also, other terms of Hamiltonian are This general Hamiltonian can describe three dynamical symmetry limits with different values of constants, i.e.,ands. We must consider a transitional Hamiltonian to describe the critical exponents at the critical point of phase transition. To this aim, we propose the following schematic Hamiltonians for transition [11,21] Where we have introducedand. The limit of IBM is recovered viaandreproduces the limit. It means one can describe a continuous, e.g. second-order shape phase transition by changing between these two limits. On the other hand, classical limit of transitional Hamiltonian, Eq.(3), is obtained by considering its expectation value in the coherent state [12-14 ] Whereis the boson vacuum state,andare the creation operators of s and d bosons, respectively andcan be related to deformation collective parameters,,and. The energy surface which follows from expectation value of transitional Hamiltonian in the coherent state, Eq.(4), is given by Critical point of considered transitional region have obtained via [15] condition which gives in this case. We show the dependence of energy surface on the order parameter,, above and below of the critical point of phase transition, xcritical, in Figure1. In phase transition from, i.e. spherical limit, to, namely,-unstable limit, one sees that, the evolution of energy surface goes from a pureto a combination ofand that has a deformed minimum. At the critical point of this transition, energy surface is a pure. These results interpret thatcondition corresponds approximately to a ‘‘very à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡at energy surface’’, similar to what have happened for the E(5) critical point [ 16], i.e. critical point of transitional region. The typical behavior of the order parameter,, at a phase transition is shown in Figure 2. Hereis small and close to xcritical and we assume that energy surfaces can be expanded around Or can be rewritten in the form The behavior of, near the critical point is determined by the signs of the coefficients. The coefficientswhich are functions of, are written as functions of the dimensionless quantity,, where. Stable systems have on both sides of; therefore is represented only as. The condition for stability is that, must be a minimum as a function of. From Eq. (7), this condition may be expressed as where terms aboveare presumed negligible near [17]. For , only real root is; on the other hand, for, the rootcorrespond to a local maximum, and therefore not to equilibrium. The other two roots are found to be. Consequently, our analysis predicts, the equilibrium order parameter near the critical point should depend on theas which means, critical exponent for order parameter is.The behavior ofis depicted in Figure 3 which is in perfect agreement with general predictions derived in Ref.[2]. On the other hand, a very sensitive probe of phase transitional behavior is the second derivatives of the ground state energy (per boson) with respect to the control parameters [18] ( allwithare kept constant). In the above discussed thermodynamic analogyis replaced by the equilibrium value of the thermodynamic potential. In our descriptions, by use of Eq. (7), ground-state energies are forand respectively. From Eq. (11) the specific heats are These results propose any dependence of C oneither above or below ofand therefore, the values for the specific heat exponents are both zero. Also, this result suggests a discontinuity in the heat capacity in the phase transition point which in the agreement by Landau’s theory .We have represented the behavior of specific heat in Figure 3 which one can find that it has a jump at the critical point. The classification of phase transitions that we follow in this paper and that is followed traditionally in the IBM is the Ehrenfest classification [17,19]. In Ehrenfest classification, first order phase transitions appear when there exist a discontinuity in the first derivate of the energy with respect to the control parameter. Second order phase transitions appear when the second derivative of the energy with respect to the control parameter displays a discontinuity. It can be seen from Figure 4 that first derive of the energy surface has a king at xcritical. This corresponds to a second order phase transition, as the second derivate is discontinuous. In order to identify other critical exponents, according to the Landau theory, by use of Eq.(7), the potential energy surface becomes as[4,20] Where,, represents the contribution of intensive parameter,, for points off the coexistence curve. The equilibrium equation of state is which cause to (for any small) On the other hand, it reduces to its former representation for. The susceptibility may be found as it introduced in Ref.[ 4,20] , namely, Forwhich we haveand consequently we get , which gives the critical exponent equal to 1. Forwith, Eq.(13) gives and therefore or the critical exponent equal to 1. Along the critical isotherm, i.e. in the phase transition point, namely, andwhich this means, critical exponent is equal to 3. table 1 summarize the values of the critical exponents. Our results, i.e. behavior of order parameter about critical point, discontinuity of the second order derivative of energy respect to order parameter, suggest a second order shape phase transition between U(5) and O(6) limits of IBM. Also, critical exponent and their capability to describe the order of quantum phase transition may be interpreted a new technique to explore shape phase transitions in complex systems. TABLE 1 Critical exponents of ground state quantum phase transition between and limits. Exponent definition values of the critical exponents Order parameter Specific heat Susceptibilityfor 1 for =1 Critical isotherm 3. Summary and conclusion In this contribution, we show that,shape phase transition are closely related to Landau theory of phase transition and explore some of the analogies with thermodynamics. Also, a detailed analysis of the critical exponents of ground state quantum phase transition is presented. We find that, critical exponents in two frameworks are similar. Based on a discontinuity in the heat capacity in the phase transition point, we can conclude the order of the phase transition. Figures Figure1. Energy surface of transitional Hamiltonian. Different panels describe dependence of energy surfaces on the order parameter,, above and below of phase transition point, xcritical. Figure 2.Typical behavior of order parameter,, at a second order phase transition. Figure3. Equilibrium deformation,for second order phase transition (a) and (b) specific heat of the ground state. Figure4. Variation of energy surface and its first derivative respect to order parameter. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure4.

Within a Dolls House Essay example -- Literary Analysis, Henrik Ibsen

â€Å"A women’s place is in the kitchen† is believed by a majority of male Creekview students and most of the world’s male population. Within A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, Nora, the main character, saves her husband’s life by securing a loan to get the money to take a trip to Italy without his consent. In this time period, the1800s or later, it was unheard of to do something without the husband’s consent. This is similar to the views of the relationship between men and women in Antigone by Sophocles. Antigone is about the house Laius and its curse, with Antigone, the protagonist, burying her brother, Polynices, when it was forbidden by Creon; this crime is punishable by death. She defies man law; going against everything she ever learned, being a rare person to stand up against the man dominated society. Both of these authors, Sophocles and Ibsen, show glimpses into a world that still exists into today’s society but a world that is much different with women’s capabilities, relationship towards men, and individual rights. In both plays the main characters have different capabilities that are unique to each of them. For instance both show strong will that many women are afraid to show. In Antigone the characters show many different capabilities, Antigone included, with these certain characteristics giving her the ability to bury her brother. As she simply says â€Å"Antigone: Guilty. I did it, I deny it not† (Sophocles, pg 189-190). This shows how Antigone is proud of what she is doing, standing up to Creon and his ways with unmoving motivation. As well as showing her true commitment to burying Polynices and being proud of doing so. Plus, Antigone displays this strength of commitment more than anyone else in this play. As Ismene and Ant... ... over time, though in these two plays the hope for change shown bright, but generally women were considered weak and therefore had no such powerful rights. To sum it up both of these plays share the same broad message conveyed throughout the entire play. Which includes, women have the capabilities to do more than they show and are allowed to do. As well as the relationship men and women share is not constant, or the same, there are many different views on the relationship they share and many different variations that change as time progresses. Furthermore the rights of women also change with much time, and hard work by many women who have worked hard for their rights and future rights of all women. Some of this can lead to these two plays, giving new, bold ideas that were frightening for many during their times but helped for the push for a better tomorrow.

Ib Laq – Reliability of Memory

LAQ – Reliability of Memory Discuss, with reference to relevant research studies, the extent to which memory is reliable. This paper will evaluate the extent to which memory is reliable. While the human ability to have memory is an incredibly complex, yet amazing cognitive process, recent psychological research demonstrated that memory isn’t an imaginative reconstruction of past events, and is therefore not as reliable as previously thought. Memories can be influenced by other factors other than what was recorded initially due to the reconstructive nature of memory (e. g. , schemas).Repression may also occur and false memories can be created, making memory even less reliable. The extent to which memory is reliable has all kinds of practical applications, ranging from eyewitness testimony and studying ancient history to taking a simple test. This paper will evaluate Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) Lab Experiment 2 and Levinger & Clark (1961) Experiment, which tested th e extent to which memory is reliable. Both studies point out that memory can be manipulated and differs depending on the subject and time, making it less reliable than what an individual would initially expect.Firstly, this paper will look into Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) Lab Experiment 2. The aim of this experiment was to see whether misleading post-event information such as the wording of leading questions could create false memories. An independent measures design was used, where 150 students were shown a clip of a car accident. Then, the participants were split into three groups of 50. The 1st group was asked, â€Å"How fast were the cars going when they hit each other? † The 2nd group was asked, â€Å"How fast were the cars going when they smashed each other? And the 3rd group wasn’t asked to estimate the speed of the cars in the accident, as they were the controlled group. A week later, they were asked whether they saw any broken glass, despite the fact th at the video didn’t include any broken glass. The researchers found that the second group, on average, gave higher speed estimates and that they recalled seeing broken glass. As a result, they concluded that the wording of the questions had an effect on the estimation of speed and the perception of the accident. The higher rates of participants seeing broken glass and stimating that the cars were going faster is more likely to be involved when they were asked the leading question with the word ‘smash’. Loftus’s research indicated that it is possible to manipulate and form false memories using misleading information after the event had occurred, such as the format of a question, causing memory to be distorted and lead to inaccurate recall. This is also known as confabulation, which is the confusion of true memories with false ones. The study itself is relevant and has both weaknesses and strengths. Firstly, due to a well thought out procedure, the researche rs’ findings match what they set out to find.The use of an experimental methodology also allows for a cause & effect to be determined, and for the experiment to be easily replicated. Also, a control condition was used in the study in the form of a 3rd group that was not asked about the accident but only whether they saw broken glass or not, for reliability of results. On the other hand, the study has numerous weaknesses. It has been criticized for its low ecological validity. In real life, events that might need to be recalled often take place unexpectedly and in an atmosphere of tension, such as a court.It is difficult to recreate such conditions in a laboratory, and it is possible that eyewitnesses remember real events differently than staged events. Moreover, all the participants were Americans, making it culturally bias. Finally, the research requires participants to estimate speed, making the answers subjective to each individual, and may have influenced the results. Ano ther study examining the reliability of memory is Levinger & Clark Study (1961). The aim of this research was to examine whether repression can cause the forgetting of certain words.Participants were shown two mixed wordlists, some had negative emotional connotations and some were neutral. The researchers compared the recall ability of the participants for the different types of words. The researchers speculated on what the concept of repression suggests should happen. They found that participants had poorer recall of emotionally negative words, such as ‘fight’ and ‘fear’. Hence, they concluded that words with negative emotional connotations are repressed. Therefore, the research suggests that are memory represses words that distort our emotions, causing us to â€Å"forget†, making memory less reliable.The study itself used a solid experiment methodology. Being a laboratory experiment, it can be easily repeated, and cause and effect can be establishe d to a fair degree. Also, Klein’s Research (1972) also supports this experiment. Similarily to Levinger & Clark, Klein found that participants had poorer recall for a wordlist where they had been insulted, again suggesting that repression occurs when an individual is exposed to emotionally negative material. However, when Bradley and Baddely (1990) replicated the study, they found that recall of negative words was higher after a delay.Therefore, the original study may have produced false results. A few reasons that explain the inconsistent result may have been that the participants were distracted or demotivated during recall at one of the studies, exposing methodological flaws. In addition, the neutral words may have had too much of a positive effect on the participants, helping them remember them. Either way, both the original and the replicated study suggest that memory isn’t a perfect representation of the past. Lastly, the study holds low ecological validity as it was conducted in a laboratory environment as is as a result less likely to be true to life.Overall, memory can be manipulated, creating distorted and false memories. Both Levinger & Clark (1961) and Loftus and Palmer (1974) both suggest that memory can be repressed and shaped depending on the subject, time, individual etc. Memory can create a general image of past events, but it is simplified and is very subjective to the individual. Hence, we must be aware of the subjectivity of memory, especially when relying on its accuracy during eyewitness testimonies, when writing history, or even writing an autobiography.

The information Divide (NBN)

The information Divide (NBN) Introduction The National Broadband Network (NBN) is a federal communication project set to provide Australia with high-speed internet connections. The fibre optic started functioning on April 4, 2013 after six years of development. Although the technology offers high speed and cheap internet connections, critics are against the launching, development and application of the project.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The information Divide (NBN) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, they argue that the project is expected to last for 60 years, but will be obsolete in less than 20 years. In particular, the growth of the wireless broadband is laudable. Mobile broadband providers are competing with the fibre project in terms of speed, cost, and efficiency. In fact, critics state that the project will not meet its targets because mobile broadband connections are easy to install, apply, and maintain. However, a fter the project started functioning, it gained popularity and attracted many subscribers. This phenomenon is an indication that the NBN project is likely to be an effective initiative. In addition, the project has offered cheap internet connection. It is also set to replace the landline connections for telephone communication. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the state of internet connection in Australia after the implementation of the NBN. In addition, the paper will analyse two recent articles that present some strength and weaknesses of NBN and its future in the Australian communication industry. How NBN compares with broadband wireless after the launching of the project The installation of the NBN fibre cables was launched in 2006 as a method of providing efficient and reliable communication system. The project sought to ensure that every home enjoys fast internet connection. In addition, it seeks to replace landline wires with fibre optic technology. However, the projec t has faced criticism from various individuals and institutions due to a number of reasons. First, critics argue that NBN will be an obsolete project by 2030 because it uses fibre optic technology. This technology is expected to be replaced by wireless broadband technologies. Secondly, critics have outlined that fibre optics is also a form of fixed lines that should not be in use in the 21st century. Opponents consider that the project requires a lot of work and is prone to disruptions caused by interferences with the lines. In fact, according to the opponents, the future of internet connection throughout the world is wireless broadband.Advertising Looking for assessment on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite these criticisms, the NBN received popularity and increase of use in the first few days. As a matter of fact, the number of internet users increased significantly. Most of them reported that they enjoyed high speed associated with fibre optic technology. Moreover, users expect to reduce the amount of resources they spend on wireless connections. They also hope to reduce the risks associated with frequent disruptions with their internet connections, which is a common event in the use of mobile broadband technology. Therefore, it is worth noting that the rejection of the project is a factor of national politics. For example, the Coalition took a hard line against the project in 2008 and vowed to reverse the separation of Telstra and NBN. In addition, Nich Minchin, the spokesperson of the coalition in charge of communications, said that if they had won the elections, he would have halted the project and concentrate on mobile broadband technology. They believed that the project was a destruction of federal resources because it will be obsolete in the next few years. Nevertheless, technologists and economists have attempted to review the project based on its comparisons with the existin g technologies such as the wireless broadband. They compared the cost and efficiency of NBN with that of 14 other providers such as Telstra, iiNet, and Internode. They report that NBN has a capacity to provide users with at least 10GB of data per month to an average home or business. In addition, it provides a minimum speed of 12Mbps for downloads and 1Mbps for uploads. The least amount of money a user can spend on NBN connection is $35. On the other hand, the mobile broadband connections can provide a minimum of 4GB at a cost of more than $49 per month for homes or small business. Moreover, the rate and frequency of disruption is high when using mobile broadband. LeMay, R 2013, Dumb people can’t see wireless is NBN future: Alan Jones Summary In this article, LeMay analyses the comment by radio presenter and political analyst Alan Jones who criticised the NBN and fibre optic technology in general. The author quotes Jones’s argument that the wireless broadband is superi or to the fibre optic and that it will last longer than the NBN. He refutes Jones’s claim by stating that his arguments are not scientific and his reporting does not show evidence of journalistic proficiency. Analysis As such, Jones states that NBN will have to rely on wireless connection. He further highlights that within the next 30 years fibre technology will be an obsolete technology. Based on this observation, the author seeks to disagree with Jones for a number of reasons. For instance, he argues that the technology is one of the most effective ways of providing high-speed connection for internet services and telephone connection.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The information Divide (NBN) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to him, scientific studies on the future of technologies indicate that fibre technology is the future of communication in the world. This means that NBN will remain a v alid and useful project for a long time, in spite of the competition from wireless broadband. LeMay’s article attempts to show the weaknesses and poor reporting associated with Jones’s comments on the NBN. Humphries, G, 2013, Pass or fail? Kiama mum grades the NBN Summary In this article, the author analyses how new users of NBN perceive the technology and its differences with the mobile broadband connections. He also presents the case of a family at Kiama, a town that was one of the first areas in the country to get an access to the technology. Analysis Julie Lee, a mother of three children in Kiama, says that she is happy with the project because it has increased the speed of her access to the internet. She finds it easy to access the internet and support family tasks such as children’s studies and watching online videos. However, she also states that she is not aware whether her children can see any difference between the current connection and the previous b roadband technology. Conclusion In this discussion, it is clear that opponents of NBN base their arguments on political issues instead of facts. In addition, the statement that fibre optic technology will be obsolete is unfounded and wrong. In spite of the criticism, millions of people have been connected to NBN and are finding it effective and easy to use. Therefore, NBN has started as a successful project, regardless of the criticism. References Humphries, G 2013, Pass or fail? Kiama mum grades the NBN, https://www.illawarramercury.com.au/story/1356891/pass-or-fail-kiama-mum-grades-the-nbn/ LeMay, R 2013, Dumb people can’t see wireless is NBN future: Alan Jones, http://delimiter.com.au/2013/03/28/dumb-people-cant-see-wireless-is-nbn-future-alan-jones/

computer underground essays

computer underground essays The Computer Underground. The beginning of the electronic communication revolution that started with the public use of telephones to the emergence of home computers has been accompanied by corresponding social problems involving the activities of so-called "computer hackers," or better referred to as the computer underground (CU). The CU is composed of computer aficionados who stay on the fringes of legality. The CU is composed of relatively intelligent people, in contrast to the media's description of the ultra intelligent and sophisticated teenage "hacker." The majority have in common the belief that information should be free and that they have "a right to know." They often have some amount of dislike for the government and the industries who try to control and commercialize information of any sort. This paper attempts to expose what the CU truly is and dispel some of the myths propagated by the media and other organizations. This paper also tries to show the processes and reasons behind the criminalization of the CU and how the CU is viewed by different organizations, as well as some of the processes by which it came into being. What the CU is has been addressed by the media, criminologists, secuity firms, and the CU themselves, they all have a different understanding or levels of comprehention, this paper attempts to show the differences between the views as well as attempt to correct misunderstandings that may have been propagated by misinformed sources. The differences between the parties of the CU such as, "hackers," "crackers," "phreaks," "pirates," and virus writers have rarely been recognized and some deny that there are differences thus this paper attempts to give a somewhat clearer view and define exactly what each party is and does as well as how they relate to one another. Every individual in the CU has a different level of sophistication when it comes to computers, from the height of the advanced virus writer and networ...

Booker T. Washington Self-Made Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Booker T. Washington Self-Made Man - Essay Example â€Å"No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem.†Ã‚  (Washington, Booker T) Washington was able to help those that were discriminated, especially in regaining their rights to vote. He was known as the ‘Tuskegee Machine’ by those that opposed his actions and resented power to the blacks because according to such people, blacks were only meant to be slaves for their thinking was too narrow to allow more communities of people to live in harmony with one another. However, through his speeches and lectures, he was able to help a large number of people understand the ill associated with slavery and thus gain the support of white people belonging to affluent families, black people engaged in the business or working class in society, religious and educational institutions and leaders belonging to the two sects. By mustering so much support, he gained power and was able to inspire many African Americans into ca rrying out new jobs, taking to entrepreneurship, assisting them in mainly climbing the social and financial ladder by emerging out of the depression that slavery had created in their lives by creating happiness for them and thus educating them about the power of being self-reliant instead of depending on others for their livelihoods. He was of the impression that race discrimination mainly existed because of the lack of education among African Americans; they were completely stripped of their rights because of pressure from white people to work as slaves and earn very little or no amount money to sustain their lives as well as those of their families’. Washington was able to gather support as well as philanthropic donations and funds from influential people and set up many societies in the agricultural as well as production sector, helping the slaves to rise from their positions. He helped in educating them so that they could lead a better lifestyle and earn money rather than being dominated and treated like servants. His main aim was to help them from the drudgery that they were stuck in and bring them to par with the white people; his personal life story, as depicted in his book, was thus a wonderful example for people to follow and live by, as a story of hard work and diligence and thus is known as a ‘self-made’ man. Another well-known figure in the past of American philanthropy and sociological thinking is Jane Addams, responsible for reforming America during the Progressive Era and pioneering work in the field of women’s rights including their right to vote and to be able to gain access to a healthier standard of life, especially for mothers and their children. Addams did state that women and men alike needed to be self-reliant and self-made and not dependent on other people for their living, however she was skeptical regarding Washington’s demands because according to her people belonging to the lower rungs of society co uld not just rise out of the blue. They needed financial as well as other forms of social

APPLIED ETHICS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE MANAGEMENT Essay

APPLIED ETHICS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The problems solved revolve around the practical moral issues, specifically those related to professions such as law or medicine or accounting. There are at least six ethical theories as described by some scholars (Champion, 2007). Plato describes the absolutism theory. This theory relates to the personal character of the individual. It helps answer the question regarding the kind of life one is entitled to live. It is based on the principle; conform to forms, that is, basis on ideals that make the reality. The source of value according to this theory is the form of goodness. The method applied here is reasoning the nature of analogies and unchanging ideals. An example of such an ethical principle is lying, which does not conform to the truth form. The principle is exceptionless in that the form of goodness advocated for is not known (Champion, 2007). Aristotle describes eudaimonism which helps answer the question relating to the kind of person one should be. It also relates to the personal character. The principle is to maintain and develop activities in line and obedience to the rationale principle. The value source is the human nature which determines the well being of humans. The method for determining this is through examining and analysing the commonly used moral language and other moral ideas. St Thomas Aquinas describes ethics based on the natural law. It relates to personal character just like the two discussed above. The question asked relates to the kind of person one should be (Champion, 2007). The principle here is to promote whatever is termed and defined as good and discard the evil commitments. The good behaviours are advocated for by the society, family, self preservation and knowledge. The value source for this ethical behaviour is human and universe nature as referenced by God. The human inclinations are examined and reasoning the nature of law. Cultural differences among the ordering society are a major control issue (Champion,