How to Make Complaints for ESL Students

Politeness is universally appreciated, even when making complaints, no matter what language a person speaks, but in learning English as a Second Language (ESL), some students may struggle with formulas and functions of certain English phrases meant to politely start a conversation involving a complaint. There are a number of formulas used when complaining in English, but its important to remember that a direct complaint or criticism in English can sound rude or aggressive. For most  English speakers, its preferred that others express their dissatisfaction indirectly, and introduce the complaint with an amicable introductory clause such as Im sorry to have to say this but... or excuse me if Im out of line, but... It is important to note, however, that these phrases dont directly translate into Spanish so understanding the basic function of words like sorry go a long way to introducing ESL students to the polite way to go about making complaints in English. How to Start Complaints Amicably In Spanish, one might start a complaint with the phrase lo siento, or Im sorry in English. Similarly, English speakers typically start their complaints with an apology or indirect reference to propriety. This is largely because politeness is a major element of English rhetoric.   Some phrases that English speakers may use to start complaints politely: Im sorry to have to say this but...Im sorry to bother you, but...Maybe you forgot to...I think you might have forgotten to...Excuse me if Im out of line, but...There may have been a misunderstanding about...Dont get me wrong, but I think we should... In each of these phrases, the speaker begins the complaint with an admission of error on the speakers part, relieving some of the assumed tension between speaker and audience by letting the listener know that no one involved is blameless. Whether it be because of  contrasting ideas  or just because a speaker wants to say no nicely, these introductory phrases can be helpful to maintain respectful rhetoric in conversation. Forming a Polite Complaint After ESL students understand the concept of introductory phrases to complaints, the next important element of conversation is keeping the complaint itself polite. Although being  imprecise or vague  does have its benefits when complaining, clarity and good intentions go a lot further in maintaining the cordiality of conversation. Its also important not to come across as attacking while making a complaint, so the complaint itself should start with phrases like I think or I feel to indicate that the speaker isnt accusing the listener of something as much as he or she is starting a conversation about the disagreement. Take, for instance, an employee who is upset at another for not following the company policy while working at a restaurant together, that person might tell the other Excuse me if Im out of line, but I feel like you may have forgotten that closing waiters need to refill the salt shakers before leaving. By introducing the complaint with an apology, the speaker allows the listener to not feel threatened and opens up a conversation about company policy instead of scolding or demanding that person do their job better. Redirecting focus and calling for a solution at the end of a complaint is another good way to address the issue. For instance, one might say Dont get me wrong, but I think it might be better if we focus on this task before doing the one youre working on to a coworker who is not working on the right part of a project.

Germanys Sex and Gender Roles Essay - 1080 Words

Germanys Sex and Gender Roles What is it that makes up our identities? I mean us, not only Americans but other cultures as well, the entire world. When tracing back my family tree I learned that I am of half-German descent with a quarter French and another quarter Irish in me. I also think it is safe to say that a majority of the population reading this is of European lineage. I don’t say this to discriminate, only to be specific in the telling of my story. The story I am about to recite is about humans and about one of our basic needs for survival. Some will argue, saying that sex is not at all a basic need but let’s face it, without sex you wouldn’t be reading this intriguing article right now, and the world would be†¦show more content†¦My anonymous female source simply explained that in today’s western world women fantasize about the fairy tale relationship. You know the one, where the prince comes and carries the princess away on his horse. So, most women dream of this fairy tale love, one where they feel safe and protected. Yes, I’m sure women appreciate today’s male who helps out with the kids and the housework, but they fantasize about that robust prince who will rescue her and conquer her and make her his property. That fairy tale moment reminded me of Germany’s situation once the Berlin Wall fell. In Peter Schneider’s work The German Comedy, Peter explains what he refers to as the Deep Freeze Theory. In simple terms this theory is the belief that on the East Side of that wall the people were almost frozen in time with no room for progression because of their strict government. Just on the other side though the westerners were much more advanced in terms of technology and especially more advance in the role of men in the household. These western men were household helpers, no longer did the wives wait on their spouse hand and foot. The eastern men however were frozen in a past time. 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Business Culture of UNIQLO-Free-Samples for Students Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Business Culture of UNIQLO. Answer: Background of UNIQLO and its environment Uniqlo has achieved accolades and glory by serving unique quality apparels to the Customers. The company caters to the fashion sense of men, women and kids separately. The company has its outlets spread in Australia, Canada, china, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia among others. Conscious approach of the employees towards the maintenance of quality, innovation and purchasing power of the customers makes the company unique in its business (uniqlo.com, 2017). This consistency has enabled the company to expand the business in each and every corner of the world. As a matter of specification, delivering quality apparels to the customers have enhanced the reputation of the company. Exposure of collaborative working by the skilled and the experienced professionals has enhanced the standards of the apparels to an international level. Along with this, the company pays special attention to the privacy of the customers. Similar to the other companies, UNIQLO has introduced privacy policy. The main aim of this policy is to protect the personal information that the customers are collecting or sharing online (uniqlo.com, 2017). Agreement to the terms and conditions is essential for the customers in order to get access to this policy. With the alterations in the business, the directives of the policy are undergoing noticeable changes. Cookies and web beacons are used for preventing the leakage of the contents generated by the customers for the launched apparels. Apart from this, the customers are provided with the access to SSL (Service Socket Layer), which alarms them about the security of their private information. These details reflect the conscious attempts of the company personnel towards the preservation of the organizational culture (uniqlo.com, 2017). This consciousness enhances the roles and responsibilities of the staffs in terms of creating a positive image in the minds of the customers. For this, the personnel make best efforts to adopt proper communication channels for conveying the news of the newly launched apparels to the customers. These advertisements enhance the relationship between the company and the customers. Countering this, joint ventures with the shareholders, results in the introduction of lucrative deals, trades and transactions, which helps UNIQLO to lure the customers towards the brand image (uniqlo.com, 2017). Different outlets have different unique selling propositions, which results in the joint success of the company. Typical components of the propositions are leadership skills and abilities and enhancing the sales revenue, which enhances the brand image of UNIQLO (uniqlo.com, 2017). Introduction Culture is an important element for companies and organizations in terms of achieving customer loyalty, trust and dependence. Commercialization of culture, customs and traditions contradicts the placement of business and culture in the same alignment. On the contrary, assuring the customers about the safety and security of their personal contents enhances the roles and responsibilities of the managers (Wong, Tseng Tan, 2014). The managers are entrusted with the responsibility to abide by the cultural values. This adherence safeguards the companies and organizations from crisis and challenges. Non-compliance to the policies compels the companies and organizations to encounter issues like scandals, which degrades the hard earned reputation (Riivari Lms, 2014). The current assignment attempts to shed light on unethical claims made by anti-poverty group regarding the approach of UNIQLO towards the preservation of the stakeholders and shareholders human rights. Corporate social responsibility is an essential component of the organizational culture. Ensuring the wellbeing of the customers enhances the corporate nature of the marketing personnel. On the contrary, focusing on the betterment of the authority degrades the personality of the personnel amidst the customers. In view of these aspects, the claims made by the anti-poverty group regarding the immature behavior contradict the true essence of the aspect of corporate social responsibility (Ecouterre.com, 2017). The issue was published in an article entitled, This Way to Utopia. In response to this, a group of business critiques known as War on Want voiced out their opinions regarding the illegal joint ventures with the suppliers to inflict harsh treatment upon the workers. Similarly, this assignment, from the various perspectives, assesses the intensity of the issue and alarms the businessmen about the importance of preserving the organizational values and culture. Exertion of harsh press ure on the workers is against marketing ethics, which snatches away the basic human rights (Ruiz Martnez, 2014). Rationale behind the selection of Hofstedes five Cultural dimensions In the 21st century, the companies and organizations aim to attain the hot seat by putting the customer benefit at stake. This motive contradicts the true essence of culture. The adverse impact on the purchasing power of the customers represents the selfish attitude of the marketing personnel in terms of enhancing their corporate social responsibility. The article taken into consideration is a live example of this issue. Anti-poverty group making claims regarding the organizational event seems striking. When they should be protesting for societal upliftment, they are protesting against the unethical behavioral conduct (Ecouterre.com, 2017). Countering this, these protests might be for a relative, who works in UNIQLO and is subdued under the pressure of the higher authorities. The main aim of the protest is reforms for the existing situation. On the other hand, the marketing team of UNIQLO lacks this understanding. The propositions of the article affirm the absence of oriental approach towards the issue. In-depth insight on the specifications of the issue can be provided by bringing Hofstedes cultural theory into the discussion. According to Hofstede, culture is the conglomeration of several corporate minds. On the other hand, collaborative participation in discussions gives rise to conflicts, which degrades the standards of organizational values (Huhtala, Kaptein Feldt, 2016). In view of the considered article, the protests and claims regarding the concealment of the ethical considerations is justified. Concealing the undertaken steps is against the business ethics. Transparency needs to be maintained in the execution of business activities. Absence of this transparency broadens the gap between the professionals and the professional development. Herein lays the appropriateness of the first dimension of power as proposed in the cultural theory by Hofstede. For proper maintenance of culture, the marketing managers of UNIQLO need to reveal matured behavior in terms of guiding the team members (Uniqlo.com, 2017). Emerging successful in giving proper guidance to the team members attaches the perspective of stab le relationship to the aspect of power. Upon the entrance of the employees, they are entrusted with the responsibility to ensure the wellbeing of the customers and the colleagues. This generates a closely knit family feeling. Typical example of collectivism is the presence of unity and coordination between the functional units of UNIQLO. In contrast to this, individualism has two connotations. One, it can be related to the perspective of enhancing the professionalism through the attainment of large scale customer satisfaction (Warren, Gaspar Laufer, 2014). On the other hand, it can be considered as the selfish motive of the personnel to grab hold of the hot seat amidst the competitive ambience of the market. Delving deep into the aspects, individualism can be considered as broader version of collectivism, where the employees are provided with a chance to leave a mark by matured and professional conduct. The third dimension represents the statistics of the employees- masculinity and femininity. Here, culture has different connotations for male and female employees. Countering this, there is a common goal and that is to respect the viewpoints of the other. Masculinity possesses the tendency to reveal more authoritative power on the female employees. This limits the chance of the female employees for voicing out their talents (DeBode et al., 2013). This creates disparity, which contradicts the true essence of culture. The fourth dimension is Uncertainty Avoidance Index. This dimension assesses the approach of the public domain towards ambiguity regarding the events of the surrounding. The main aim here is to make estimates regarding the doable in terms of maintaining pace with the current trends. Herein lays the appropriateness of firm and strategic approach towards the execution of business activities (Chun et al., 2013). The fifth dimension of culture is orientation, which is crucial in terms of tacking the issues, which comes the way of companies and organizations including UNIQLO. In order to achieve positive outcomes, short term goals are identified, which improves the focus. Emerging successful in this direction enhances the confidence regarding envisioning long term goals. This enhances the confidence of the personnel regarding the capability to do challenging and enduring tasks (Lu, 2014). The penultimate dimension projects the relationship between indulgence and restraint. Indulging in experimentation with the existing products and services enables the personnel to lure the customers to a great extent. Within this, restraining from the acts, which compels the personnel to encounter complexities, bestows an opportunity to sustain the market position within the competitive ambience. Linking the theory with the organizational analysis Claims regarding unethical behavior put the reputation of UNIQLO at stake. Herein, the essence of culture attains a negative connotation. The source being the anti-poverty group aggravates the complexities of UNIQLO in terms of their corporate social responsibility. Concealment of revealing unethical behavior can be considered as the misultilization of the provided power to the managers (Mo Shi, 2017). This incapability broadens the gap between the organization and the customers, negating the efforts of the personnel in terms of efficient execution of the business activities. Herein, lays the appropriateness of the word distance as proposed in the name of the dimension. Viewing it from the other perspective, distance can also be related to the detachment of the managers from their professional development due to the exposure of such irrational behavior with the stakeholders and shareholders (Shin, 2012). Collaborative protests by the anti-poverty group and the business critiques make UNIQLO personnel mere creatures. In other words harsh blows from the opponent party, such as these groups and labor unions, makes the fate of the company personnel a tragic one, as they are given the status of culprits for hiding the unethical and irrational behavior. Countering this, the aim of these protests is to make the managers realize that they have interplayed with the human rights of the employees, which can be considered as a negation of their individuality (Crane Matten, 2016). This negation, irrespective of the gender of the employees attaches an interrogative parameter to the societal existence of these employees. Lackadaisical attitude towards alteration of the plight would bring uncertainty and ambiguity to the market position of the company. This ambiguity degrades the sanctity and purity of the workplace environment, which limits the scope and arena of the employees in terms of revealin g their talents towards efficient execution of the business activities. For this, strategic approach towards creating short term goals is needed for systematizing the business activities. Delving deep into the issue, overburdening the employees might be a result of the absence of oriental approach towards the execution of business activities (Valentine, Fleischman Godkin, 2015). In view of this absence, setting short term goals is not justified, as it would lead to the achievement of negative outcomes. Therefore, the managers need to reveal matured behavior in terms of meeting with the board of directors for creating concrete plans regarding restoration of the lost glory and honor. Indulgence in activities like survey and feedbacks possesses flexibility to bring to the forefront the areas, which needs modification. Spontaneous approach towards rectification of these drawbacks would enhance the individuality of the managers as well as the employees (Yang, Ding Lo, 2016). Collective output in this regards would take the individual attempts of UNIQLO personnel; however, it would enable the company to achieve successful completion of the projects within the stipulated time. Countering this, unity and cooperation between the functional units is crucial for managing the crisis in an efficient and effective manner. Comparison of similar events with Hofstedes Five Cultural dimensions Shedding light on one particular incident compels the readers to take one particular stance. However, on the other hand, developing a comparative study between similar instances broadens their perspectives. Speculation of the various instances leads them to come up with a conclusion, which is the result of their individual efforts. The following section sheds light on the issue of slave labor encountered by Zara, one of the biggest fashion retailers. As a matter of specification, Zaras outlet in Brazil has been accused of indulging in unethical slave working conditions. Designation of the employees as slaves is interplay with their individuality (Forbes.com, 2017). This is one of the grounds, which ties both the issues in the same thread. However, the only difference lies in the discovery. UNIQLO is accused of concealing the unethical behavior whereas the issue of indulging in adoption of unethical working conditions degrades the hard earned reputation of Zara. The differentiation in the nature of the instances enhances the clarity of the readers, especially the businessmen regarding the proper utilization of the provided power (Jacobs et al., 2014). Outsourcing the operations of more than 30 plants aggravates the intensity of the issue. Delving deep into the word accusation, it can be related to the word claims made by the ant-poverty group regarding the concealment of the unethical behavior. The statements of the representations project hostility between the personnel of Zara, which is also evident in UNIQLO due to the incapability to manage the crisis in an efficient and effective manner. This is one of the other grounds, where the cultural dimension of power attains a negative connotation (Forbes.com, 2017). As a matter of fact, outsourcing the organizational resources, for illegal activities restricts Zara from expanding their business into the foreign market. The assumption in the previous sentence projects the functionality of the penultimate cultural dimension. On the contrary, if the business plants were used according to the rules and regulations, the employees would not have been compelled to forgo their professional development by becoming the slaves of the masters. Moreover, absence of authorizations, in case of the plants, tags the issue under courtly intervention, as the human rights of the employees are involved. Upon discovery, it was found that the immigrant workers of Bolivia were engaged for manufacturing garments for some other company. This created discrepancies between the managers of Zara and their stakeholders (Forbes.com, 2017). Indulging in this type of illegal activities is considered as the violation of the identified and specified values. This violation degrades the personality of the personnel, which nullifies individualism, the second dimension of Hofstedes culture theory. However, delving deep into the issue, the protests projects the collaborative attacks of the business critiques in order to destroy the individual efforts of Zara personnel. The breaches of contract aggravate the complexities of both Zara and UNIQLO in terms of culture (Ng, Lam Feldman, 2016). The contract can be accounted as one of an integral part of the organizational documents. Disobeying the propositions of this document adds an interrogative parameter to the organizational culture. This interrogation does not even spare the business environment of UNIQLO. Here, if LO in the name of the company can be considered as LOW, this reduces the uniqueness of the initial portion. The name Zara symbolizes a female name. However, in view of the slavery, it is a shame for the race women. Viewing it from other perspective, it is a nullification of the femininity as proposed by Hofstede in his third cultural dimension (Resick et al., 2013). In view of the slavery issue, it is a kind of domination for the women employees, which degrades their individuality. Here Hofstedes cultural dimensions get a backseat. Pondering upon the working conditions, pressurization limits the individual efforts of the employees. Supporting them for doing unethical acts sets a bad example in the minds of the employees for their managers. Hostility between the employees and managers destroys the workplace sanctity, which nullifies the urge of the employees to reveal better performance. This nullifies the aspects of safe and comfortable working conditions in case of both ZARA and UNIQLO. Countering this, safe and comfortable working conditions would have safeguarded both the organizations from these unwanted issues (Trevio et al., 2014). This is a matter of willingness, which needs to initiate from the inner self of the marketing managers. This inner willingness seems absent in the case of both the organizations, which projects the helplessness of the managers in terms of regulating the employees for extracting the needful. For this, rational approach is needed so as to preserve the individual sentiments of the employees. Emerging successful in this task reflects the proper utilization of power in case of the managers of both the organizations. Effective and judicious utilization of the provided power fades away the uncertainty regarding the execution of business activities (Lam et al., 2015). Clarity in the execution of the business activities would have reduced the distance between the organizations and success. However, this clarity was missing, which is due to the absence of strategic vision. Conclusions In the 21st century, people are blindly running in the rat race for grabbing hold of the hot seat. This situation projects a selfish motive for enhancing the professionalism by putting the needs, demands and requirements of the stakeholders. Viewing it from the other perspective, this kind of approach adversely affects the purchasing power of the stakeholders. Most importantly, it destroys the sanctity and congenial ambience of the workplace, needed for enhancing the productivity. Countering this, maintenance of workplace culture is crucial in terms of luring foreign investors in large scale. Within this, ethics gains an important position. However, the issues of concealing the unethical actions like slavery are a shame for business as a whole. This is rather interplay with the individual talents of the employees. Portrayal of individualism in the previous sentence summarizes the whole of the dimensions proposed by Hofstede. Countering this, there are six dimensions, which complete t he aspect of culture and the previous sentence just speaks of one. Counter arguing this, preserving of the individual sentiments of the employees reflects the proper utilization of power by the personnel, which fades away uncertainty and distance between the organizations and the success stage. In order to achieve maintain the sanctity and decorum of the workplace; the managers need to reveal strict approach towards regulating the performance of the employees. This can be achieved by developing efficient, effective and flexible strategies. The employees need to be involved in the decision making process, which would attach value to their talents. This would add firmness in the implementation process. After the implementation, measuring the approach of the employees and stakeholders would reflect the effectiveness of the adopted strategies. This relates with the evaluation, which would bring to the forefront the major areas, which needs modification. Inner urge, willingness and eagerness to alter the business environment would help both the organization especially UNIQLO to attract many customers on the grounds of cultural diversity. References Chun, J. S., Shin, Y., Choi, J. N., Kim, M. S. (2013). How does corporate ethics contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Management,39(4), 853-877. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. DeBode, J. D., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., Walker, A. G. (2013). Assessing ethical organizational culture: Refinement of a scale.The Journal of applied behavioral science,49(4), 460-484. Ecouterre.com (2017), New report accuses UNIQLO of hiding human rights behind ethical claims, Retrieved 7th August 2017 from https://www.ecouterre.com/new-report-accuses-uniqlo-of-hiding-human-rights-abuses-behind-ethical-claims/ Eisenbeiss, S. A., Knippenberg, D. (2015). On ethical leadership impact: The role of follower mindfulness and moral emotions.Journal of Organizational Behavior,36(2), 182-195. Eisenbeiss, S. A., van Knippenberg, D., Fahrbach, C. M. (2015). Doing well by doing good? Analyzing the relationship between CEO ethical leadership and firm performance.Journal of Business Ethics,128(3), 635-651. Forbes.com (2017), Zara accused of alleged slave labor in Brazil, Retrieved 7th August 2017 https://www.forbes.com/sites/andersonantunes/2011/08/17/zara-accused-of-alleged-slave-labor-in-brazil/#4a2a3e611a51 Gao, Y., Gao, Y., He, W., He, W. (2017). Corporate social responsibility and employee organizational citizenship behavior: the pivotal roles of ethical leadership and organizational justice. Management Decision,55(2), 294-309. Huhtala, M., Kaptein, M., Feldt, T. (2016). How perceived changes in the ethical culture of organizations influence the well-being of managers: a two-year longitudinal study.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,25(3), 335-352. Jacobs, G., Belschak, F. D., Den Hartog, D. N. (2014). (Un) ethical behavior and performance appraisal: the role of affect, support, and organizational justice.Journal of business ethics,121(1), 63-76. Lam, C. F., Liang, J., Ashford, S. J., Lee, C. (2015). Job insecurity and organizational citizenship behavior: Exploring curvilinear and moderated relationships.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(2), 499. Lu, X. (2014). Ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating roles of cognitive and affective trust.Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal,42(3), 379-389. Mo, S., Shi, J. (2017). Linking Ethical Leadership to Employees Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Testing the Multilevel Mediation Role of Organizational Concern.Journal of Business Ethics,141(1), 151-162. Ng, T. W., Lam, S. S., Feldman, D. C. (2016). Organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior: Do males and females differ?.Journal of Vocational Behavior,93, 11-32. Resick, C. J., Hargis, M. B., Shao, P., Dust, S. B. (2013). Ethical leadership, moral equity judgments, and discretionary workplace behavior.Human Relations,66(7), 951-972. Riivari, E., Lms, A. M. (2014). Does it pay to be ethical? Examining the relationship between organisations ethical culture and innovativeness.Journal of Business Ethics,124(1), 1-17. Ruiz-Palomino, P., Martnez-Caas, R. (2014). Ethical culture, ethical intent, and organizational citizenship behavior: The moderating and mediating role of personorganization fit.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), 95-108. Shin, Y. (2012). CEO ethical leadership, ethical climate, climate strength, and collective organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Business Ethics,108(3), 299-312. Trevio, L. K., den Nieuwenboer, N. A., Kish-Gephart, J. J. (2014). (Un) ethical behavior in organizations.Annual Review of Psychology,65, 635-660. Uniqlo.com (2017), About us, Retrieved on 7th August 2017 from https://www.uniqlo.com/sg/# Valentine, S., Fleischman, G., Godkin, L. (2015). Rogues in the ranks of selling organizations: Using corporate ethics to manage workplace bullying and job satisfaction.Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management,35(2), 143-163. Warren, D. E., Gaspar, J. P., Laufer, W. S. (2014). Is formal ethics training merely cosmetic? A study of ethics training and ethical organizational culture.Business Ethics Quarterly,24(1), 85-117. Wong, W. P., Tseng, M. L., Tan, K. H. (2014). A business process management capabilities perspective on organisation performance.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,25(5-6), 602-617. Yang, C., Ding, C. G., Lo, K. W. (2016). Ethical leadership and multidimensional organizational citizenship behaviors: The mediating effects of self-efficacy, respect, and leadermember exchange.Group Organization Management,41(3), 343-374.

Tennis Essays - Anatomical Terms Of Motion, Elbow, Serve, Strike

Tennis Serve Biomechanics The tennis serve is the stroke that puts the ball in play and is often referred to as the most important stroke in the game of tennis. It has become a principle weapon of attack and is used to place the opponent on the defensive by forcing a return from the weak side or by moving the receiver out of position. A good strong serve can sometimes be the basis of winning a game of tennis. I have included eight picture sequences to illustrate the tennis serve. Represented in picture A is the stance of the serve. In this part of the serve, the person needs to take a position sideways to the net, about three or four feet to the right center mark behind the baseline. The left foot is two to three inches behind the line, the toes pointing toward the net post. The back foot is parallel to the baseline and spread conformably from the front. Pictures B and C represent the preparation phase. In these pictures, the execution of the ball toss is performed. The ball toss is the key to a well-executed serve: a good release consistently places the ball in the proper hitting position. A poor release can throw off timing and ultimately cause a bad serve. In pictures D-F the action phase is represented. In picture D of the action phase, the elbow reaches a position slightly higher than the shoulder, then the elbow bends and the racket head drops down behind the back into what is called the "back scratching position." In picture E, the ball should be at its maximum height of the toss before striking it. In picture F, the last of the action phase, the movement of striking the ball is explosive in an upward and forward motion until contact Pictures G and H represent the follow through. In the follow through the action is performed up and out, not down, in the direction of the intended target area. The follow through is a natural continuation of the stroke. A good follow through will help prepare for the next step in approaching the net for a return. Kinematics is defined as the study of motion. It is compiled of different bodily planes and different joint motions. In the beginning of the serve, during the stance (picture A), the feet are outwardly rotated. The hips and the trunk are extended. The left shoulder is slightly flexed along with the right shoulder and the shoulder girdles are slightly abducted. Both of the wrists are pronated with the elbows slightly flexed. During the preparation (pictures B and C) the feet are still in an outwardly rotated position. The hips slightly abduct with the trunk still in full extension. The shoulders are abducted, with slight elevation of the shoulder girdle. Both elbows are extended, but the right wrist stays in a pronated position and the left wrist is supinated. During the action (pictures D-F) the right foot inwardly rotates along with it performing planter flexion but the left foot stays in an outwardly rotated position. The hips are adducted but then they shift to abduction. The trunk starts in hyperextension then get fully extended and slightly rotate to the left. Both knees flex but the left knee extends while the right knee stays flexed. The left shoulder goes from flexion to extension while the right shoulder performs high diagonal adduction. The left elbow goes from extension to flexion and the right elbow goes from flexion to extension. The left hand goes from supination to pronation while the right hand stays in a pronated position. Finally, during the follow through (pictures G and H) the left foot inwardly rotates along with some planter flexion. The right foot inwardly rotates and goes back to a naturally flat position. Both hips are flexed along with the flexion of the trunk and it's rotation. The left shoulder remains in an extended position but the right shoulder follows through with the high diagonal adduction, while both shoulder girdles perform abduction. The right elbow slightly flexes but the left elbow extends. The knees go from flexion to a greater degree of flexion. The kinematics of the tennis serve is a complicated thing, it consist of many laws and principles. One law is the law of inertia and the principles deal with motion, force and projectiles. These laws and principles can be applied to a skill, for example the tennis serve. The first principle deals with stability. This principle consist of smaller groups dealing with mass,

Introduction of Festival Walk free essay sample

1. 0 A convenient site: Festival Walk is located at 80 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, directly connected to the MTR interchange in Hong Kong (take Exit â€Å"C† at Kowloon Tong MTR station). In additional, the bus station provide terminal service from different district achieve to Festival Walk. Moreover drivers can direct parking at festival walk which provides over 800 spaces, open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The car park offer 3 levels and set up the complete security facility for 24-hours monitoring. Located in the centre of Kowloon, Festival Walk offers direct entrance to public and private transport. Located near by the traditional upper class residential area, Festival walk offers an extraordinary upper class level of accessibility. Opposite Festival Walk is the City university and Industrial Technology Centre are next door. Took a walk few minutes, the Baptist University can be achieved. 1. 1 A breathtaking design: As a Hong Kong’s largest ice rink, over 220,000 square feet of office space, Festival Walk introduce the realization of a unique concept and provide an energized environment of innovation, originality and pleasure. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction of Festival Walk or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Festival Walk brings together some of the world’s most sought-after brand and services. Another great point is that a lot of these brands and services are completely new to Hong Kong, and many others have opened flagship stores here. Dining is also a big draw, with big names in both Oriental and Western fusion. 1. 2 A great food: To seek for quality, recreation, best-value, impulsive, social stage, or it’s a sandwich on the run, an important business lunch, dinner with friends or a romantic meal for two, Festival Walk has just the place for you. Over 27 restaurants actually offer international fusion ensure that every taste and budget catered to – from the old-fashioned and authentic Italian-American cuisine at Amaroni’s Little Italy, to a cappuccino at Starbucks or dim sum at Jasmine. Whatever your mood, Festival Walk is a variety and fashionable venue with a world of exciting culinary affective. Target customers of Simplylife Bakery Cafe 2. 1 Segmentation Refer to the location of Simplylife Bakery Cafe – Festival Walk, where is a big shopping mall provided eating, shopping and playing places. Nearby, there are many offices, the City University, Secondary schools. Moreover, it provided a rage of exciting offers exclusively for the students and staff in university with due date of 31 August 2008, which stated that once the students and staff wearing union or presented the ID card, or the International students, teachers professors presented ID card or U card at the period of time may enjoy a great offering of purchase within some of the stores in Festival Walk. Its convenient transportation which has the MTR station, bus stations and provided parking area can attracted many different kinds of potential customers, like, staff work at Festival Walk, office people, students and teachers from University and secondary schools, people who love shopping and branding supporters. As the Festival Walk has many International brands, it promoted some exclusive offers from over 100 international brands to the foreign visitors simply required them to present their passport at the Customer Service Desk on LG2 or UG to redeem a Festival Walk Tourist Passport. This policy may helpful in attracting more foreigner and Individual visitors to come and shopping. Also, these groups of people are willing to pay more money onto the branding products and they are mostly having enough financial abilities. 2. 2 Targeting Within the segmented customers of Festival Walk, there are some of them may suit with the style of Simplylife Bakery Cafe. The potential target segment would be the office people, especially for women and the foreign tourists. It is because Simplylife Bakery Cafe’s main theme is healthy food, especially low level of oil, fat, sweet and calories breads, even the breads are turned cold and it still tastes good. Furthermore, breads are the product which can satiate hungry, fast and convenient. These may be a great benefit for those emphasize healthy life’s people and who are not able to have enough time to eat breakfast or lunch. On the other hand, the food at Simplylife Bakery Cafe costs in a high price ith comparing the average price of other stores, therefore, the potential customers may needed to have at least a middle level and steady income. Office people may be suitable for these requirements. The reason for tourists may be the potential target groups would because most foreign tourists may have a standardized eating habit which close to the cafe’s product contained with a high relationship with European food. And they are more willing to pay money to what they want than local peop le. Another likely market would be the shoppers in Festival Walk. Most of the shoppers are having basic financial abilities, have extra time in shop around the shopping mall. After a period of time spend on shopping and consumption may want to have a place to sit down to relax for a moment and eat or drink something. Cafe may be a good choice for them. 2. 3 Positioning The Simplylife Bakery Cafe would position itself to the customers who seek for healthy and relaxing life. Those people may have a great demand in selecting food, drinks and their own quality of life. They are enjoying the European style, no matter the environment and the eating habit. Thus, the machine used in Simplylife Bakery Cafe required all its decoration, machinery of bakery and the food they produced must meet the stylish of European style. Such as the stove are produced from European. The environmental design used sunny umbrellas and open-air restaurant style can fulfill the needs of those customers who enjoy sunshine and sight-seeing but afraid of basking in the sun or rainy days will get dirty when eating or having tea time at the street. Also, the air-conditioning environment can make customers more comfortable. Theories applied For a marketing stimulus to have an impact, consumers must be exposed to it, allocate some attention to it, and perceive it. Consumers do some processing of a stimulus once they have been exposed to it, pay attention to it, and perceive its characteristics. Once it is perceived, consumers may examine it more closely. Thus, exposure, attention, and perception all affect the decisions consumers make and the actions they take. 3. 1 Exposure Before any type of marketing stimulus can affect consumers, they must be exposed to it. Exposure reflects the process by which the consumer comes in to physical contact with a stimulus. Marketing stimulus are messages and information about products or brands communicated by either the marketer (via ads, salespeople, brands symbols, packages, signs, prices, and so on) or by non-marketing sources (e. g. , the media, word of mouth). Consumers can be exposed to marketing stimuli at the buying, using, or disposing stages of consumption. Because exposure is critical to consumers’ subsequent processing of any stimulus, marketers must ensure that consumers are exposed to stimuli that portray their offering in a favourable light. 1] Therefore, marketers start the process of gaining exposure by selecting media, such as radio, product placements, and the Internet, and by developing promotions for the targeted customers. [2] Although Simplylife has opened for about six to seven months, there are many people left down messages or comments onto the online blog and some newspaper had introduced this cafe to the readers, such as the Sing Tao Newspaper and Ming Pao Newspaper had introduced it to the readers, some websites had even rated it into the top 20 restaurants by an online voting system. These had attracted many different people went there and tried the food and drinks at Simplylife Bakery Cafe. 3. 2 Attention Attention occurs when the consumer allocates processing capacity to the stimulus. A certain amount of attention is necessary for information to be perceived-for it to activate our senses. [3] Attention is selective, divided, and limited. Even tactics such as product placement do not guarantee that consumers will directly attend to marketing stimuli, although consumers may attend to them pre-attentively. Making a marketing stimulus personally relevant, pleasant, surprising, or easy to process enhances its attention-getting properties. Consumers perceive a stimulus using one of their sensory organs. [4] 3. 3 Sensation In psychology, sensation is the first stage in the biochemical and neurologic events that begins with the impinging of a stimulus upon the receptor cells of a sensory organ, which then leads to perception, the mental state that is reflected in statements like I see a uniformly blue wall. [5] Sensory system A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. The human bodys senses[6] are divided into eight: visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, cutaneous, kinesthetic, vestibular, organic. [7][8] The ways in which these senses are divided from one another in concept, and combined in varying ratios in perceiving the world, differs based on individual physiology, social and cultural context, and physical surroundings. The whole sensory system, including both physical sensation and interpretation (or cognition) of information from the senses, is referred to as a sensorium[9]. [10] Inputs picked up by our senses are the raw data that begin the perceptual process. [11][12] 3. 4 Perception In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information. [13] Passive perception and active perception There are two basic theories of perception: Passive Perception (PP) and Active Perception (PA). 14] The passive perception (conceived by Rene Descartes) is addressed in this article and could be surmised as the following sequence of events: Surrounding ; Input (senses) ; Processing (brain) ; Output (re-action) Although still supported by mainstream philosophers, psychologists and neurologists, this theory is nowadays losing momentum. [15] The theory of active perception has emerged from extensive research of sensory illusions w ith works of Professor Emeritus Richard L Gregory in a lead. This theory is increasingly gaining experimental support and could be surmised as dynamic relationship between:[16] â€Å"Description† (in the brain) ; ; Senses ; ; Surrounding Perceptual thresholds Perceptual thresholds determine the point at which stimuli are perceived. The absolute threshold is the lowest point at which an individual can experience a sensation. The differential threshold is the minimal difference in stimulus intensity needed to defect that two stimulus are different. The differential threshold is important both when marketers do not want consumers to notices a difference between two stimuli (as in a size decrease) and when they do (as in the case of product improvements). [17] Perception and action Human beings gather information about the world and interact with it through our actions. Perceptual information is critical for action. Perceptual deficits may lead to profound deficits in action. [18] Introduction of Simplylife Bakery Cafe 4. 1 A new European style at L2-42: For taking a break at rush hour or renewal under the pressure, the aroma of freshly baked goods filling the air, you shell is able to energize as soon as possible. Simplylife Bakery Cafe is a new European style restaurant providing bread as the principal theme at Festival Walk, L2-42 which established at July of 2007. Its former is full of Continental Europe bread fragrantly, wrap up the full land wind simplylife bakery cafe of Europe, where has a sophisticated atmosphere is decorated to restaurant by the chi European-style. It is divided into for meal in the room area or in the open area. The open-air position is the outdoor location of the indoor shop under glass variola and the sunshine shines on the desk through the glass. The air conditioning is put in place at the same time thus it will not be felt too hot. Yet, the relaxing environment coupled with comfortable furniture evokes a romantic dining experience. Moreover, the semi-opened kitchen is able to stimuli your vision, smell, taste sensory; and the gentle trendy music let you perceive as if settle at Europe with the infinite pleasures. . 2 A great dining: The food is looked like cases of fine art and jewelry and the flavors are comparably precious. Simplylife Bakery Cafe offers a range of European-style delectable bread, cakes chocolates and patisseries made by their renowned pastry chef. All the breads baked by Simplylife Bakery Cafe are made with the minimum use of oil and sugar. Also, the bread that Simplylife Cafe sold can remain great tas te even the breads turned to cool and the mouthfeeling may get more better which is the different point of Simplylife’s bread with the others. Moreover, the stove of simplylife and fermented machine are import from the European. the constant temperature function and time control, can be close to the European taste, offer the genuine flavor of Continental Europe. Customers can take a seat and choose a drink to accompany these fine sweet experiences, or of course customer may prefer something savory, a sandwich or homemade pastry. SimplyLife Bakery Cafe also offers a wide selection of meatless rice, pasta dishes, wild rice, hamburger and organic spaghetti of dishes, which are cooked with olive oil, also include ten valley rice, organic noodles,etc. n the cuisine and take health as the purpose. Furthermore, they offer a wide variety of wines that will complement customers’ meal. Likewise, choose to occidentalize in cuisin add with the indoor light is weak, mix the light music, inside and outside of shop, such ooze over Continental Europe flavor. 4. 3 Decoration: The cafe has adopted the continental designing concept for the decoration, such as the brazier and fermentation machine are brought from Europe to ensure the breads made and tastes are entirely filled with the European-styles. Also, brown, black and white color tone is used for the main coloring for the cafe which can promote the thinking of clean, simple, fashionable and classical to customers. And the wooden floor design can give customers the warm and friendly feeling. Moreover, the environment of the cafe is divided into two sections and it has divided into two parts. First part is indoor section where mainly have the semi-opened kitchen, refrigerator, cash counter, toilet and some small tables and chairs. The semi-opened kitchen is showing how the chefs make the bread in European type, also the cafe may produce about ten numbers of breads for each kind which may give the feeling of friendly, kindly, hygiene, confidence, excitement, etc. to the customers and let them know the breads they brought were fresh and healthy. It also can give them a good appetite when they smell the scent of bread and stimulate their emotion to eat after smelling them or impetus them to have further consumptions even they do not hungry at that moment. The materials and equipment were clearly showed at the open-kitchen, all the breads are tidily placed on the baskets and covered with the transparent bread cabinet, and these are the main factors to let customers to have confidence in purchasing and promoting hygiene concepts. At the top right corner of the kitchen has a well-equipped visual aids that showed all the information of each kind of foods the cafe sold and the pricing can convent the customers and let reduced the time for them in search such information and feeling of high-technological. On the other hand, the refrigerator inside the store placed some drinks and packed sandwiches can let customers to take and consume by themselves which can increase the involvement with customers towards the consumption. Therefore, consumers can choose the products by themselves with freely selection, like they can take the product on hand to feel the product and smell it, see it clearly. Moreover, the store played some soft and English song, combined with the yellow and dark lighting can give customers a relaxing and comfortable eeling. Except these, the cafe has its own toilets for the customers, inside is well-cleaned and mirrors, soaps, rubbish bins, tissues and other basic materials are provided. The second part on Simplylife Bakery Cafe is the outdoor section is designed as an European-stylish open-air teahouse, all the tables had installed the big sunny umbrellas. The sunshine can be projected onto the desk and seats through the glasses. Included with the moderate air-conditioning, customers can be satisfied with their needs of eating and drinking at the open-air places and feel relaxing after shopping or walking around the shopping mall. Also, such kind of design can let the customers to enjoy the outside scenery like the sunshine, rainy days, afternoon sunshine or stars shine at night, which can increase the sight seeing to the customers in except of the tasting, smelling, hearing satisfactions. Strengthen, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat of Simplylife Bakery Cafe Strengthen Simplylife Bakery Cafe used the stoves and fermented machines are made in European. This made their breads more similar to European-style, which can constant the temperature function and to be more exactly in time controlling from producing breads. The characterics of European-style’s bread need not to eat the bread when it is hot, it also can be tasted good even it is cold. This would be one of the differentiation of its products and convience to those people who are working in the central city – Hong Kong. Simplylife Bakery Cafe dividend into two parts which is the indoor cafe and outdoor restaurant. The indoor cafe include the semi-opened kitchen to show the process of baking the breads and the clear environment may help in promoting hygiene and let customers to feel more confidence in purchasing; the outdoor restaurant with the incorporating glasses and the big sunny umbrellas attract people who are willing to enjoy the sunshine and the air-conditioning at the same time. Weakness Even Simplylife Bakery Cafe has such advantages to attract customers, it is not perfect enough. The cafe does not provide any set meals for lunch or dinner. There is a clearly additional cost for ordering dishes separately. It seem that the prices of the cafe are highest when compare to others. It may not easily to attract the student group and new customers. And the desks in the cafe are only suitable for two to three people use and too small when the customer is ordering much more dishes. Therefore, customers who like to have a gathering with many friends may be difficult as the table is too small and they are forced to divide sitting in different desks. Opportunity It seems that Simplylife Bakery Cafe does not have any set meal of lunch and dinner; it can offer some set lunch and set dinner each week per day; it also can offer some promotions to attract the student to expand the target market. As nearby may have the University and Secondary schools, students are willing to spend time after school and sitting in the cafe to gathering with friends or discussing project at these kind of place. Threat In Festival Walk, there are nine cafes (included Simplylife Bakery Cafe) to let customer to choose which are Agnes b. e pain grille be Cafe, Bistro Delifrance, McCafe, Olivers Super Sandwiches, Pacific Coffee Company, Page One Cafe, Queens Konditorei, Simplylife Bakery Cafe and Starbucks Coffee. The style of Simplylife Bakery Cafe is similar with Agnes b. le pain grille be Cafe, it may not easier to stick out the differences of Simplylife Bakery Cafe. The prices is another important factors for customers to choose one of nine cafe; the pri ce is not popularity to the public when compare with other cafe in Festival Walk and difficult to develop customer loyalty. Executive Summary Festival Walk is a world’s best known shopping mall which have had over 200 shops and 27 restaurants, the largest ice rink of Hong Kong, over twenty-two million square feet of office space, etc. It located at the central point of Kowloon Tong, direct access to the buses, taxis, and the MTR station, nearby the universities; those factors can be attracted the travelers from all over the worlds, students, white-collar, etc. Simplylife Bakery Cafe have had a similar target segment with Festival Walk, within the above segment, the mainly segment which Simplylife Bakery Cafe focus is the health conscious and enjoying European life styles’ customers. The purpose of Simplylife Bakery Cafe is to promote healthiness, simple, clean and comfortable thinking to customers after they came and purchased from the cafe. The bread is one of the selling points of Simplylife Bakery Cafe. To make it more similar to the European-style, the stoves and fermented machines are import from European so that it can easy to constant the temperature function and time control. Also, all the breads are made with the minimum use of oil and sugar; wild rice and organic spaghetti are used in the dishes. And from the content of the report, there will discuss how the environment and decoration be a critical factor in attracting customers to come and purchase, or even have further purchase. The Simplylife Bakery Cafe’s products are mainly on European-style food and based on this reason, the style of decorating the store also adopted such kind of styling, from the machinery to the environment design. The outdoor part of the cafe with the incorporating glasses and big sun umbrella just like the tea-stall in the open air let people feel that they are eating and relaxing under the sunshine in Europe. The semi-open kitchen in the indoor cafe allows people to see the whole process of producing breads. This can increase the interest from customers to take a look and then after they saw it, smell it, they may be pushed by these stimuli and then purchase. Even Simplylife Bakery Cafe has had so many advantages to attract the customers, especially by its environment factors, like there is a comfort place for customers to relax, eat and gathering with friends, also, the music and decoration let customers can have the feeling of located in Europe, help in reducing pressure and the semi-open kitchen can raise their interests and stimuli their sensory systems (e. g. Eat) in purchasing. However, we found that it could be difficult to build up a customer loyalty and attract the new customer. It is because the price of Simplylife Bakery Cafe is higher and the prices of breads are higher than the local bakeries. Simplylife Bakery Cafe does not offer any set meals for lunch and dinner to let customer chosen. [1] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [2] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [3] James, W. , The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Holt, Vol. 1, pp. 403-404 [4] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [5] http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Sensation [6] Senses are the physiological methods of perception. A sense is a faculty by which outside stimuli are perceived. [7] Kolb Whishaw: Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, 2003 [8] http://www. eioba. com/a70192/senses [9] The term sensorium (plural: sensoria) refers to the sum of an organisms perception, the seat of sensation where it experiences a nd interprets the environments within which it lives. [10] Kolb Whishaw: Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, 2003 [11] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [12] James. J. Gibson, The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems. Boston, 1966 [13] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [14] http://www. simplypsychology. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/perception-theories. html [15] http://www. simplypsychology. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/perception-theories. html [16] http://www. simplypsychology. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/perception-theories. html [17] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [18] http://www. roblesdelatorre. com/gabriel/GR-IEEE-MM-2006. pdf

Keynesian Economics essays

Keynesian Economics essays John Maynard Keynes is uncertainly one the most important figures in the history of modern economics. The son of the Cambridge economist and logician John Neville Keynes, John Maynard Keynes was born in Cambridge, England on June 5, 1883. Keynes was educated in Britains most elite institutions, Eton and then King's College Cambridge. In 1906, he entered the British civil service for a little while and worked in the Indian Treasury as a junior clerk. However, unsatisfied with the work he returned in 1908 to teach economics in Cambridge. In India he learned the demands of government service. In 1911 he became the editor of the Economic Journal, a position he would hold almost until the end of his life. During this time Keynes wrote his first economic book first book on Indian currency which was directly related to his experience at the India office. From 1914 to 1918, Keynes was called to the UK Treasury to aid with the financing of the British war economy. He excelled at his job and the authority he gained earned him a position with the British delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference in 1918. Keynes was dismayed at the unfair nature of the peace settlement, and was particularly opposed to the overwhelming consequences of the heavy "reparations" payments forced on Germany. In 1919 he resigned from the conference and in respond to the treaty he published his Economic Consequences of the Peace disapproving the Treaty of Versailles After returning to Cambridge in 1921, Keynes published his Treatise on Probability, where he took apart the classical theory of probability and started what now known as the "logical-relationist" theory of probability. Throughout the 1920s, Keynes remained active in public policy debates, guided mainly through his many articles in the Nation and Atheneum. He also wrote two famous pieces in condemnation of laissez-faire economic policy. In 1925 he married the R ...

Critique of a Public Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Second Paper Assignment in English II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Second Paper Assignment in English II - Essay Example ’s Waltz† is narrated through the point of view and perspective of the boy and therefore the reader needs to listen for the voice of the poem behind the boy’s words. The tone suggests the mood of the narrator and the tone of a poem can be â€Å"serious, playful, exaggerated, understated, poignant, distanced, formal, informal, ironic, blunt or something other than these† (Schakel & Ridl 576). There can be a singular or multiple voices within the poem. The poem ‘My Papa’s Waltz† depicts a son’s memories of his father and the tone of the poem is equally important as that of the voice of the narrator. The complexity of the voice of the narrator of â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† provides the poem variety of meanings and offers different readings to the poem. Many readers feel that the poem has a dark tone as the poem depicts â€Å"troubled relationship or dysfunctional home† (Schakel & Ridl 578). Unlike other poems in the chapter the poem addresses not the readers but the narrator’s own father and the ‘you’ in the poem stands for the boy’s father himself. The very first line of the poem suggests that the father is heavily drunk and his drunkenness is sufficient enough to â€Å"make a small boy dizzy†. Similarly, the frown on the mother’s face in the second stanza and words such as â€Å"battered† â€Å"beat†, and â€Å"dirt† adds to the dark tone of the poem and the reader can very well experience the desperate voice of the narrator. The simile employed in the third line of the poem-â€Å"I hung on like death† shows feelings of fear and insecurity in the voice of the narrator and the father becomes a formidable figure for the boy. The boy has no other alternativ es than succumb to the violent outbursts of his drunk father and even as an adult the narrator’s voice echoes the pain and suffering his drunken father’s actions caused him at his early childhood. However, there are many readers who feel that the poem has a joyful tone. As the title of the poem

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 12

Final paper - Essay Example PRview strategies include: PR View Company has to establish a strong network of Chinese in Los Angeles and Beijing. The company must look into ways of improving their services to its customers so that they end up feeling served and satisfied. When customers are contented with the services, they are offered they will consequently generate word of mouth recommendation to other people, and this will help the company make more clients. PRview has been able to attract more customers in both los Angeles and Beijing since it was founded. Therefore, the company must retain its hub in both Los Angeles and Beijing. The two cities serves a vast population of people when the company establishes its roots in these two cities then it will be of constant clients. The company has to split its operations between the two offices in Los Angeles and Beijing to maintain its presence and draw even more customers. PRview is a website company that tries to reach out to customers who have PR cases to be solved. Since the company is first accessed and can be researched online, therefore, the website acts as the main tool of marketing PRview. Therefore, the company must constantly put itself in the pace to win more customers through sight and information put in the website to attract more customers. The company must use it as a tool for business advertisement (Cooperrider & Sekerka, 2006). PRview website and blog must be under constant maintenance to push the companies brand to the limit. Since the company reaches most of its customers through the website, PRview has to make use of the only tool it has to convince its clients hence, rebranding of the website will keep the company at a competitive edge in the market and attract clients. Another strategy that can be used by PRview is the use of cost-effective alternatives. The company must transform itself into an agency that can accommodate the customers

Quantum Phase Transition Between U(5) and O(6) Limits

Quantum Phase Transition Between U(5) and O(6) Limits Critical Exponents of Quantum Phase Transition Between U(5) and O(6) Limits of Interacting Boson Model Abstract In this paper, Landau theory for phase transitions is shown to be a useful approach for quantal system such as atomic nucleus. A detailed analysis of critical exponents of ground state quantum phase transition between U(5) and O(6) limits of interacting boson model is presented. Keywords: Landau theory, quantum phase transition, critical exponents, dynamical symmetry limits. PACS: 24.10.Pa; 21.60.Fw; Introduction Studying the behavior of nuclear matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density, including possible phase transitions, is one of the most interesting subjects in recent years. Drastic changes in the properties of physical systems are called phase transitions which these properties have been characterized by order parameters. Phase transitions occur as some of parameters, i.e. control parameters, which have constrained system, are varied. Temperature-governed phase transitions in which the control parameter is temperature,, have been known for many years [1]. Landau theory of phase transitions [2-3] was formulated in the late 1930s as an attempt to develop a general method of analysis for various types of phase transitions in condensed matter physics and especially in crystals .It relies on two basic conditions, namely on (a) the assumption that the free energy is an analytic function of an order parameter and on (b) the fact that the expression for the free energy must ob ey the symmetries of the system. Condition (a) is further strengthened by expressing the free energy as a Taylor series in the order parameter. For fluid systems, as we become close to the critical point, some of the quantities of system are related to the temperature asfor some exponents of. The similar behaviors may be seen not as a function of temperature but as a function of some other quantities of system, e.g.. These exponents,, are called critical exponents and naturally defined as [4]. Some basic critical exponents in thermodynamics have been employed to describe the evolution of considered systems near the critical points [5-6]. Quantum Phase Transition in the Interacting Boson Model (IBM) In nuclear physics, quantum phase transitions, sometimes called zero temperature or ground-state phase transitions can be studied most easily with using algebraic techniques that associate with a specific mathematical symmetry with different nuclear shapes. Interacting Boson Model (IBM) as the most popular algebraic model in description of nuclear structures was proposed in 1975 by Iachello and Arima to describe the collective excitations of atomic nuclei [7-10]. In this model, nucleons in an even-even isotope are divided into an inert core and an even number of valence particles. These particles are then considered as coupled into two kinds of bosons that may carry either a total angular momentum 0 or 2, and are respectively called the s and d-bosons. The bilinear operator that may be formed with s and d-boson creation and annihilation operators close into the U(6) algebra whose three possible subgroup chain match with the U(5), SU(3) and SO(6) solution of the Bohr Hamiltonian, i.e. respectively with spherical, axially deformed and ÃŽ ³-unstable shapes. It is of great interest to be able to describe the evolution of considered systems near the critical points. Lets consider a general form of IBM Hamiltonian as [7] where is the d boson number operator and, i.e.explores the quadrupole interaction. Also, other terms of Hamiltonian are This general Hamiltonian can describe three dynamical symmetry limits with different values of constants, i.e.,ands. We must consider a transitional Hamiltonian to describe the critical exponents at the critical point of phase transition. To this aim, we propose the following schematic Hamiltonians for transition [11,21] Where we have introducedand. The limit of IBM is recovered viaandreproduces the limit. It means one can describe a continuous, e.g. second-order shape phase transition by changing between these two limits. On the other hand, classical limit of transitional Hamiltonian, Eq.(3), is obtained by considering its expectation value in the coherent state [12-14 ] Whereis the boson vacuum state,andare the creation operators of s and d bosons, respectively andcan be related to deformation collective parameters,,and. The energy surface which follows from expectation value of transitional Hamiltonian in the coherent state, Eq.(4), is given by Critical point of considered transitional region have obtained via [15] condition which gives in this case. We show the dependence of energy surface on the order parameter,, above and below of the critical point of phase transition, xcritical, in Figure1. In phase transition from, i.e. spherical limit, to, namely,-unstable limit, one sees that, the evolution of energy surface goes from a pureto a combination ofand that has a deformed minimum. At the critical point of this transition, energy surface is a pure. These results interpret thatcondition corresponds approximately to a ‘‘very à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡at energy surface’’, similar to what have happened for the E(5) critical point [ 16], i.e. critical point of transitional region. The typical behavior of the order parameter,, at a phase transition is shown in Figure 2. Hereis small and close to xcritical and we assume that energy surfaces can be expanded around Or can be rewritten in the form The behavior of, near the critical point is determined by the signs of the coefficients. The coefficientswhich are functions of, are written as functions of the dimensionless quantity,, where. Stable systems have on both sides of; therefore is represented only as. The condition for stability is that, must be a minimum as a function of. From Eq. (7), this condition may be expressed as where terms aboveare presumed negligible near [17]. For , only real root is; on the other hand, for, the rootcorrespond to a local maximum, and therefore not to equilibrium. The other two roots are found to be. Consequently, our analysis predicts, the equilibrium order parameter near the critical point should depend on theas which means, critical exponent for order parameter is.The behavior ofis depicted in Figure 3 which is in perfect agreement with general predictions derived in Ref.[2]. On the other hand, a very sensitive probe of phase transitional behavior is the second derivatives of the ground state energy (per boson) with respect to the control parameters [18] ( allwithare kept constant). In the above discussed thermodynamic analogyis replaced by the equilibrium value of the thermodynamic potential. In our descriptions, by use of Eq. (7), ground-state energies are forand respectively. From Eq. (11) the specific heats are These results propose any dependence of C oneither above or below ofand therefore, the values for the specific heat exponents are both zero. Also, this result suggests a discontinuity in the heat capacity in the phase transition point which in the agreement by Landau’s theory .We have represented the behavior of specific heat in Figure 3 which one can find that it has a jump at the critical point. The classification of phase transitions that we follow in this paper and that is followed traditionally in the IBM is the Ehrenfest classification [17,19]. In Ehrenfest classification, first order phase transitions appear when there exist a discontinuity in the first derivate of the energy with respect to the control parameter. Second order phase transitions appear when the second derivative of the energy with respect to the control parameter displays a discontinuity. It can be seen from Figure 4 that first derive of the energy surface has a king at xcritical. This corresponds to a second order phase transition, as the second derivate is discontinuous. In order to identify other critical exponents, according to the Landau theory, by use of Eq.(7), the potential energy surface becomes as[4,20] Where,, represents the contribution of intensive parameter,, for points off the coexistence curve. The equilibrium equation of state is which cause to (for any small) On the other hand, it reduces to its former representation for. The susceptibility may be found as it introduced in Ref.[ 4,20] , namely, Forwhich we haveand consequently we get , which gives the critical exponent equal to 1. Forwith, Eq.(13) gives and therefore or the critical exponent equal to 1. Along the critical isotherm, i.e. in the phase transition point, namely, andwhich this means, critical exponent is equal to 3. table 1 summarize the values of the critical exponents. Our results, i.e. behavior of order parameter about critical point, discontinuity of the second order derivative of energy respect to order parameter, suggest a second order shape phase transition between U(5) and O(6) limits of IBM. Also, critical exponent and their capability to describe the order of quantum phase transition may be interpreted a new technique to explore shape phase transitions in complex systems. TABLE 1 Critical exponents of ground state quantum phase transition between and limits. Exponent definition values of the critical exponents Order parameter Specific heat Susceptibilityfor 1 for =1 Critical isotherm 3. Summary and conclusion In this contribution, we show that,shape phase transition are closely related to Landau theory of phase transition and explore some of the analogies with thermodynamics. Also, a detailed analysis of the critical exponents of ground state quantum phase transition is presented. We find that, critical exponents in two frameworks are similar. Based on a discontinuity in the heat capacity in the phase transition point, we can conclude the order of the phase transition. Figures Figure1. Energy surface of transitional Hamiltonian. Different panels describe dependence of energy surfaces on the order parameter,, above and below of phase transition point, xcritical. Figure 2.Typical behavior of order parameter,, at a second order phase transition. Figure3. Equilibrium deformation,for second order phase transition (a) and (b) specific heat of the ground state. Figure4. Variation of energy surface and its first derivative respect to order parameter. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure4.

Within a Dolls House Essay example -- Literary Analysis, Henrik Ibsen

â€Å"A women’s place is in the kitchen† is believed by a majority of male Creekview students and most of the world’s male population. Within A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, Nora, the main character, saves her husband’s life by securing a loan to get the money to take a trip to Italy without his consent. In this time period, the1800s or later, it was unheard of to do something without the husband’s consent. This is similar to the views of the relationship between men and women in Antigone by Sophocles. Antigone is about the house Laius and its curse, with Antigone, the protagonist, burying her brother, Polynices, when it was forbidden by Creon; this crime is punishable by death. She defies man law; going against everything she ever learned, being a rare person to stand up against the man dominated society. Both of these authors, Sophocles and Ibsen, show glimpses into a world that still exists into today’s society but a world that is much different with women’s capabilities, relationship towards men, and individual rights. In both plays the main characters have different capabilities that are unique to each of them. For instance both show strong will that many women are afraid to show. In Antigone the characters show many different capabilities, Antigone included, with these certain characteristics giving her the ability to bury her brother. As she simply says â€Å"Antigone: Guilty. I did it, I deny it not† (Sophocles, pg 189-190). This shows how Antigone is proud of what she is doing, standing up to Creon and his ways with unmoving motivation. As well as showing her true commitment to burying Polynices and being proud of doing so. Plus, Antigone displays this strength of commitment more than anyone else in this play. As Ismene and Ant... ... over time, though in these two plays the hope for change shown bright, but generally women were considered weak and therefore had no such powerful rights. To sum it up both of these plays share the same broad message conveyed throughout the entire play. Which includes, women have the capabilities to do more than they show and are allowed to do. As well as the relationship men and women share is not constant, or the same, there are many different views on the relationship they share and many different variations that change as time progresses. Furthermore the rights of women also change with much time, and hard work by many women who have worked hard for their rights and future rights of all women. Some of this can lead to these two plays, giving new, bold ideas that were frightening for many during their times but helped for the push for a better tomorrow.

Ib Laq – Reliability of Memory

LAQ – Reliability of Memory Discuss, with reference to relevant research studies, the extent to which memory is reliable. This paper will evaluate the extent to which memory is reliable. While the human ability to have memory is an incredibly complex, yet amazing cognitive process, recent psychological research demonstrated that memory isn’t an imaginative reconstruction of past events, and is therefore not as reliable as previously thought. Memories can be influenced by other factors other than what was recorded initially due to the reconstructive nature of memory (e. g. , schemas).Repression may also occur and false memories can be created, making memory even less reliable. The extent to which memory is reliable has all kinds of practical applications, ranging from eyewitness testimony and studying ancient history to taking a simple test. This paper will evaluate Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) Lab Experiment 2 and Levinger & Clark (1961) Experiment, which tested th e extent to which memory is reliable. Both studies point out that memory can be manipulated and differs depending on the subject and time, making it less reliable than what an individual would initially expect.Firstly, this paper will look into Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) Lab Experiment 2. The aim of this experiment was to see whether misleading post-event information such as the wording of leading questions could create false memories. An independent measures design was used, where 150 students were shown a clip of a car accident. Then, the participants were split into three groups of 50. The 1st group was asked, â€Å"How fast were the cars going when they hit each other? † The 2nd group was asked, â€Å"How fast were the cars going when they smashed each other? And the 3rd group wasn’t asked to estimate the speed of the cars in the accident, as they were the controlled group. A week later, they were asked whether they saw any broken glass, despite the fact th at the video didn’t include any broken glass. The researchers found that the second group, on average, gave higher speed estimates and that they recalled seeing broken glass. As a result, they concluded that the wording of the questions had an effect on the estimation of speed and the perception of the accident. The higher rates of participants seeing broken glass and stimating that the cars were going faster is more likely to be involved when they were asked the leading question with the word ‘smash’. Loftus’s research indicated that it is possible to manipulate and form false memories using misleading information after the event had occurred, such as the format of a question, causing memory to be distorted and lead to inaccurate recall. This is also known as confabulation, which is the confusion of true memories with false ones. The study itself is relevant and has both weaknesses and strengths. Firstly, due to a well thought out procedure, the researche rs’ findings match what they set out to find.The use of an experimental methodology also allows for a cause & effect to be determined, and for the experiment to be easily replicated. Also, a control condition was used in the study in the form of a 3rd group that was not asked about the accident but only whether they saw broken glass or not, for reliability of results. On the other hand, the study has numerous weaknesses. It has been criticized for its low ecological validity. In real life, events that might need to be recalled often take place unexpectedly and in an atmosphere of tension, such as a court.It is difficult to recreate such conditions in a laboratory, and it is possible that eyewitnesses remember real events differently than staged events. Moreover, all the participants were Americans, making it culturally bias. Finally, the research requires participants to estimate speed, making the answers subjective to each individual, and may have influenced the results. Ano ther study examining the reliability of memory is Levinger & Clark Study (1961). The aim of this research was to examine whether repression can cause the forgetting of certain words.Participants were shown two mixed wordlists, some had negative emotional connotations and some were neutral. The researchers compared the recall ability of the participants for the different types of words. The researchers speculated on what the concept of repression suggests should happen. They found that participants had poorer recall of emotionally negative words, such as ‘fight’ and ‘fear’. Hence, they concluded that words with negative emotional connotations are repressed. Therefore, the research suggests that are memory represses words that distort our emotions, causing us to â€Å"forget†, making memory less reliable.The study itself used a solid experiment methodology. Being a laboratory experiment, it can be easily repeated, and cause and effect can be establishe d to a fair degree. Also, Klein’s Research (1972) also supports this experiment. Similarily to Levinger & Clark, Klein found that participants had poorer recall for a wordlist where they had been insulted, again suggesting that repression occurs when an individual is exposed to emotionally negative material. However, when Bradley and Baddely (1990) replicated the study, they found that recall of negative words was higher after a delay.Therefore, the original study may have produced false results. A few reasons that explain the inconsistent result may have been that the participants were distracted or demotivated during recall at one of the studies, exposing methodological flaws. In addition, the neutral words may have had too much of a positive effect on the participants, helping them remember them. Either way, both the original and the replicated study suggest that memory isn’t a perfect representation of the past. Lastly, the study holds low ecological validity as it was conducted in a laboratory environment as is as a result less likely to be true to life.Overall, memory can be manipulated, creating distorted and false memories. Both Levinger & Clark (1961) and Loftus and Palmer (1974) both suggest that memory can be repressed and shaped depending on the subject, time, individual etc. Memory can create a general image of past events, but it is simplified and is very subjective to the individual. Hence, we must be aware of the subjectivity of memory, especially when relying on its accuracy during eyewitness testimonies, when writing history, or even writing an autobiography.

The information Divide (NBN)

The information Divide (NBN) Introduction The National Broadband Network (NBN) is a federal communication project set to provide Australia with high-speed internet connections. The fibre optic started functioning on April 4, 2013 after six years of development. Although the technology offers high speed and cheap internet connections, critics are against the launching, development and application of the project.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The information Divide (NBN) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, they argue that the project is expected to last for 60 years, but will be obsolete in less than 20 years. In particular, the growth of the wireless broadband is laudable. Mobile broadband providers are competing with the fibre project in terms of speed, cost, and efficiency. In fact, critics state that the project will not meet its targets because mobile broadband connections are easy to install, apply, and maintain. However, a fter the project started functioning, it gained popularity and attracted many subscribers. This phenomenon is an indication that the NBN project is likely to be an effective initiative. In addition, the project has offered cheap internet connection. It is also set to replace the landline connections for telephone communication. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the state of internet connection in Australia after the implementation of the NBN. In addition, the paper will analyse two recent articles that present some strength and weaknesses of NBN and its future in the Australian communication industry. How NBN compares with broadband wireless after the launching of the project The installation of the NBN fibre cables was launched in 2006 as a method of providing efficient and reliable communication system. The project sought to ensure that every home enjoys fast internet connection. In addition, it seeks to replace landline wires with fibre optic technology. However, the projec t has faced criticism from various individuals and institutions due to a number of reasons. First, critics argue that NBN will be an obsolete project by 2030 because it uses fibre optic technology. This technology is expected to be replaced by wireless broadband technologies. Secondly, critics have outlined that fibre optics is also a form of fixed lines that should not be in use in the 21st century. Opponents consider that the project requires a lot of work and is prone to disruptions caused by interferences with the lines. In fact, according to the opponents, the future of internet connection throughout the world is wireless broadband.Advertising Looking for assessment on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite these criticisms, the NBN received popularity and increase of use in the first few days. As a matter of fact, the number of internet users increased significantly. Most of them reported that they enjoyed high speed associated with fibre optic technology. Moreover, users expect to reduce the amount of resources they spend on wireless connections. They also hope to reduce the risks associated with frequent disruptions with their internet connections, which is a common event in the use of mobile broadband technology. Therefore, it is worth noting that the rejection of the project is a factor of national politics. For example, the Coalition took a hard line against the project in 2008 and vowed to reverse the separation of Telstra and NBN. In addition, Nich Minchin, the spokesperson of the coalition in charge of communications, said that if they had won the elections, he would have halted the project and concentrate on mobile broadband technology. They believed that the project was a destruction of federal resources because it will be obsolete in the next few years. Nevertheless, technologists and economists have attempted to review the project based on its comparisons with the existin g technologies such as the wireless broadband. They compared the cost and efficiency of NBN with that of 14 other providers such as Telstra, iiNet, and Internode. They report that NBN has a capacity to provide users with at least 10GB of data per month to an average home or business. In addition, it provides a minimum speed of 12Mbps for downloads and 1Mbps for uploads. The least amount of money a user can spend on NBN connection is $35. On the other hand, the mobile broadband connections can provide a minimum of 4GB at a cost of more than $49 per month for homes or small business. Moreover, the rate and frequency of disruption is high when using mobile broadband. LeMay, R 2013, Dumb people can’t see wireless is NBN future: Alan Jones Summary In this article, LeMay analyses the comment by radio presenter and political analyst Alan Jones who criticised the NBN and fibre optic technology in general. The author quotes Jones’s argument that the wireless broadband is superi or to the fibre optic and that it will last longer than the NBN. He refutes Jones’s claim by stating that his arguments are not scientific and his reporting does not show evidence of journalistic proficiency. Analysis As such, Jones states that NBN will have to rely on wireless connection. He further highlights that within the next 30 years fibre technology will be an obsolete technology. Based on this observation, the author seeks to disagree with Jones for a number of reasons. For instance, he argues that the technology is one of the most effective ways of providing high-speed connection for internet services and telephone connection.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The information Divide (NBN) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to him, scientific studies on the future of technologies indicate that fibre technology is the future of communication in the world. This means that NBN will remain a v alid and useful project for a long time, in spite of the competition from wireless broadband. LeMay’s article attempts to show the weaknesses and poor reporting associated with Jones’s comments on the NBN. Humphries, G, 2013, Pass or fail? Kiama mum grades the NBN Summary In this article, the author analyses how new users of NBN perceive the technology and its differences with the mobile broadband connections. He also presents the case of a family at Kiama, a town that was one of the first areas in the country to get an access to the technology. Analysis Julie Lee, a mother of three children in Kiama, says that she is happy with the project because it has increased the speed of her access to the internet. She finds it easy to access the internet and support family tasks such as children’s studies and watching online videos. However, she also states that she is not aware whether her children can see any difference between the current connection and the previous b roadband technology. Conclusion In this discussion, it is clear that opponents of NBN base their arguments on political issues instead of facts. In addition, the statement that fibre optic technology will be obsolete is unfounded and wrong. In spite of the criticism, millions of people have been connected to NBN and are finding it effective and easy to use. Therefore, NBN has started as a successful project, regardless of the criticism. References Humphries, G 2013, Pass or fail? Kiama mum grades the NBN, https://www.illawarramercury.com.au/story/1356891/pass-or-fail-kiama-mum-grades-the-nbn/ LeMay, R 2013, Dumb people can’t see wireless is NBN future: Alan Jones, http://delimiter.com.au/2013/03/28/dumb-people-cant-see-wireless-is-nbn-future-alan-jones/